Viola v. U.S. Dep't of Justice

306 F. Supp. 3d 321
CourtCourt of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit
DecidedMarch 31, 2018
DocketCivil Action No. 16–cv–1411 (TSC)
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 306 F. Supp. 3d 321 (Viola v. U.S. Dep't of Justice) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Viola v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 306 F. Supp. 3d 321 (D.C. Cir. 2018).

Opinion

TANYA S. CHUTKAN, United States District Judge

In this Freedom of Information Act ("FOIA") lawsuit, pro se Plaintiff Anthony L. Viola seeks records relating to third parties from the Executive Office of the United States Attorney (EOUSA) and the FBI.1 Defendant Department of Justice has withheld the records sought and now seeks summary judgment on Viola's claims. ECF No. 23. For the reasons set forth below, the court will GRANT the motion in part, and DENY the motion in part.

I. BACKGROUND2

In 2011, an Ohio federal jury found Plaintiff guilty of conspiracy to commit mortgage fraud. United States of America v. Lesniak, et al., 8-cr-506 (N.D. Ohio), ECF Nos. 54, 245. Although he continues to assert his innocence and apparently was acquitted of what he describes as "identical charges" in state court, Compl. ¶¶ 10-11, Plaintiff remains incarcerated despite numerous unsuccessful challenges to his conviction. See e.g., Lesniak , 8-cr-506 (N.D. Ohio), ECF No. 541. Several of those challenges involved claims that his criminal proceedings were tainted by prosecutorial misconduct and ineffective assistance of counsel. After sentencing, Plaintiff filed numerous motions and appeals (including voluminous exhibits) raising these claims. United States District Court Judge Donald Nugent-who presided over Plaintiff's federal criminal trial and sentenced him-held at least two day-long evidentiary *324hearings on the motions and issued numerous decisions denying post-conviction relief. See id.3

Plaintiff now theorizes that Judge Nugent turned a blind eye to the alleged misconduct and ineffective assistance of counsel in Plaintiff's case in order to protect himself from potential embarrassment and/or prosecution. Compl. ¶¶ 27-28. Viola supports this theory by pointing to proceedings in another Ohio federal criminal matter: United States v. Calabrese , in which the defendant was charged and convicted of conspiracy, bribery, extortion, and mail fraud after a three-year investigation into public corruption in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. 11-cr-437 (N.D. Ohio), ECF No. 104 pp. 1-2; ECF No. 119. Calabrese's case was randomly assigned to Judge Nugent, but the government successfully sought reassignment to Judge Sarah Lioi, who was handling other cases arising out of the same investigation. Id. , ECF No. 104. Calabrese twice sought to have the case reassigned, but argued that reassignment back to Judge Nugent was inappropriate because of his alleged connection to some of the individuals targeted during the investigation. Id.

Although she denied the motion to reassign, Judge Lioi found that there was no basis to disqualify Judge Nugent:

The predicate for defendant Calabrese's motion is the apparent fact that brief telephone calls involving Judge Nugent [and some of the individuals targeted and/or charged in the Cuyahoga County investigation] were a part of the materials turned over by the government in discovery. The calls do not reveal any wrong doing or criminal activity on the part of Judge Nugent, and there is an absence of any indication that Judge Nugent knew of or was a part of the charged conspiracy.

Id. , ECF No. 58 p. 3. Subsequently, Calabrese's attorney received, from an "unknown source ... a portion of an FBI Form 3024 summarizing a[n]...interview between Judge Nugent and FBI agents" during which the "agents advised Nugent of the existence of the public corruption investigation."Id. , ECF No. 104 pp. 4-5. Calabrese argued that Judge Nugent was disqualified because of the telephone calls and because the interview took place before his case was originally assigned to Nugent. Id. After reviewing Calebrese's supporting documents-many of which are sealed-Judge Lioi noted that "[t]he production of the FBI interview summary demonstrates that Judge Nugent was aware at the time of the [case] transfer of both the interception of the calls, and of the fact that he had been interviewed in connection with the FBI's investigation." See id. ; see also ECF Nos. 55, 58, 102 at p. 6.

Plaintiff theorizes that the records and evidence from Calabrese's case could show that Judge Nugent had ulterior reasons for denying Plaintiff's post-trial motions. Compl. ¶¶ 27-28; Pls. Ex. H, Viola Aff. ¶ 8. This theory does not explain why the Sixth Circuit and the U.S. Supreme Court also denied Plaintiff's appeals, but Plaintiff nonetheless seeks, through FOIA, recordings and documents relating to Judge Nugent and the investigation.

*325Plaintiff also seeks records regarding Paul Tomko, an FBI "expert" and "informant," whom Plaintiff alleges reviewed key documents in Plaintiff's criminal case, Compl. ¶ 42, and who was later imprisoned for mortgage fraud. Compl. ¶ 43; id. at Ex. N.

II. LEGAL STANDARD

Summary judgment is appropriate where the record shows there is no genuine issue of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) ; Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). In determining whether a genuine issue of material fact exists, the court must view all facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. See Adickes v. S.H. Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144, 157, 90 S.Ct. 1598, 26 L.Ed.2d 142 (1970). "A fact is 'material' if a dispute over it might affect the outcome of a suit under governing law; factual disputes that are 'irrelevant or unnecessary' do not affect the summary judgment determination." Holcomb v. Powell, 433 F.3d 889, 895 (D.C. Cir. 2006) (quoting Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986) ).

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Bluebook (online)
306 F. Supp. 3d 321, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/viola-v-us-dept-of-justice-cadc-2018.