Vassilidze v. Director, Division of Taxation

24 N.J. Tax 278
CourtNew Jersey Tax Court
DecidedOctober 24, 2008
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 24 N.J. Tax 278 (Vassilidze v. Director, Division of Taxation) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Tax Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Vassilidze v. Director, Division of Taxation, 24 N.J. Tax 278 (N.J. Super. Ct. 2008).

Opinion

DeALMEIDA, J.T.C.

This opinion addresses whether the New Jersey gross income tax credit established in N.J.S.A. 54A:4-1 for taxes paid by residents to other jurisdictions is available to a New Jersey couple who paid income taxes to Pennsylvania on wages earned there, even though Pennsylvania ceded its authority to collect tax from New Jersey residents on employee compensation for the tax year in question. For the reasons explained more fully below, the court holds that the resident credit is not available in such circumstances because income taxes paid to a State that has relinquished its right to collect those taxes have not been “imposed” by a foreign jurisdiction within the meaning of N.J.S.A. 54A:4-1. Only those New Jersey residents whose income is actually subject to tax under the laws of both New Jersey and a foreign jurisdiction are entitled to the resident credit.

[283]*283This outcome is not changed by the fact that plaintiffs’ request for a refund of the taxes they paid to Pennsylvania, filed shortly after they were apprised of their error by New Jersey officials, was time-barred under Pennsylvania law. The resulting double taxation on plaintiffs’ income—by New Jersey which had an undisputed right to collect its tax and by Pennsylvania which accepted plaintiffs’ voluntary payment of tax that was not due—is a consequence of plaintiffs’ failure to follow unequivocal law and the operation of Pennsylvania’s statute of limitations on refunds, and not the result of any authority imposing tax on plaintiffs’ income in two jurisdictions. Statutes, regulations and publicly available documents in both New Jersey and Pennsylvania informed taxpayers that New Jersey residents who earned wages in Pennsylvania in 2003 were not subject to income tax in that State. Plaintiffs did not follow those directives and made a late request for a refund of the taxes paid to Pennsylvania. This court has no authority to visit the cost of plaintiffs’ errors on the Director, who has rightfully collected income tax from plaintiffs on wages they earned in Pennsylvania.

Finally, the court finds that the Director was without statutory authority to grant plaintiffs’ request for an abatement of interest. Plaintiffs’ mistake in paying income tax to Pennsylvania was compounded by their failure to report the Pennsylvania wages on their 2003 New Jersey gross income tax return. It was only after an audit by the Director that plaintiffs’ Pennsylvania income was reported to New Jersey. The Director exercised her authority to impose interest at the statutory minimum on the tax due on that income. While the parties agree that plaintiffs did not intentionally attempt to avoid their income tax obligation to New Jersey, the Legislature has not authorized the Director to reduce interest on overdue gross income tax below the level she assessed against plaintiffs.

I. Findings of Fact

The court finds the following facts. Plaintiffs Dr. Teimouraz Vassilidze and Nana Vassilidze are a married couple who reside in Watchung. During 2003, Dr. Vassilidze earned $174,546 in wages for services he performed as a physician employee for an anesthe[284]*284sia practice at Lehigh Valley Medical Center in Pennsylvania. Plaintiffs also earned $197,208 in income from sources outside of Pennsylvania.

Plaintiffs, with the assistance of an accounting firm, filed a 2003 Pennsylvania income tax return on which they reported the $174,546 earned by Dr. Vassilidze in that State. On their return, pláintiffs reported a Pennsylvania income tax liability of $4,887. Because precisely $4,887 had been withheld from Dr. Vassilidze’s paychecks on behalf of Pennsylvania, plaintiffs’ 2003 Pennsylvania income tax return showed a zero balance due.

Plaintiffs also filed a 2003 New Jersey gross income tax return. That return reported the $197,208 in income earned by plaintiffs outside of Pennsylvania. Plaintiffs did not include Dr. Vassilidze’s $174,546 in Pennsylvania wages on their New Jersey return. Nor did plaintiffs request a credit pursuant to N.J.S.A. 54A:4-1 for the taxes they paid to Pennsylvania.

During 2003, New Jersey and Pennsylvania were signatories to a Reciprocal Personal Income Tax Agreement in which each State agreed to cede its authority to impose income tax on the wages earned by the residents of the other State. As a result of the agreement, residents of New Jersey who earned wages in Pennsylvania in that year were not subject to income tax by that State. Their entire wages were, however, subject to taxation by New Jersey, their State of residence. The existence of the Reciprocal Personal Income Tax Agreement was well publicized by both States.

The instruction booklet to form PA-40IN 2003, the Pennsylvania income tax return filed by plaintiffs, expressly informed nonresident taxpayers of the existence of the Reciprocal Personal Income Tax Agreement and the procedure for seeking a refund of Pennsylvania income tax withheld from a non-resident’s paychecks. The instructions provided:

Pennsylvania has agreements with Indiana, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, Virginia and West Virginia. Generally, under these agreements, one state will not tax a resident ol‘ the other state on compensation that is subject to employer withholding. These agreements apply to employee compensation only. [285]*285If you are a resident of a reciprocal agreement state working in Pennsylvania, and your employer withheld PA income tax, you may request a refund of the PA tax. You report zero taxable compensation on Line la, and the PA tax withheld on Line 13. Submit a legible photocopy of your Form W-2, a signed copy of the resident income tax return that you iiled/will file with your resident state (without the supporting forms and schedules), and a statement explaining that you are a resident of a reciprocal agreement state.
[Pennsylvania Department of Revenue, PA-40IN ¿00.J Instructions Booklet, 10.1

Similarly, the Division of Taxation alerted New Jersey residents to the existence of the Reciprocal Personal Income Tax Agreement. The instructions to 2003 Form NJ-1040, the New Jersey gross income tax resident return filed by plaintiffs, informed taxpayers of the existence and significance of the Reciprocal Personal Income Tax Agreement. The instructions at page 41 provided:

Income From Pennsylvania. As a result of the Reciprocal Personal Income Tax Agreement between the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the State of New Jersey, compensation paid to New Jersey residents employed in Pennsylvania is not subject to the Pennsylvania income tax. Compensation means salaries, wages, tips, fees, commissions, bonuses, and other remuneration received for services rendered as an employee.
You may not claim a credit on Schedule A for taxes paid to Pennsylvania on compensation earned in Pennsylvania because these earnings are not subject to tax in Pennsylvania. If Pennsylvania income tax was withheld from your wages, you must file a Pennsylvania return to obtain a refund.2
[New Jersey Division of Taxation, ZOOS Form NJ-10M) Instructions, 41.J

The instructions are a more detailed explanation of N.J.A.C. 18:35-4.1(a)7:

[286]

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Bluebook (online)
24 N.J. Tax 278, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/vassilidze-v-director-division-of-taxation-njtaxct-2008.