Van Putten v. Alexis

19 V.I. 265
CourtDistrict Court, Virgin Islands
DecidedOctober 6, 1982
DocketCivil No. 81-412
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 19 V.I. 265 (Van Putten v. Alexis) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, Virgin Islands primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Van Putten v. Alexis, 19 V.I. 265 (vid 1982).

Opinion

CHRISTIAN, Chief Judge

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

This case presents yet another dispute arising out of the notice and filing requirements contained in the Virgin Islands Tort Claims Act. 33 V.I.C. §§ 3408-3413 (1967 § Supp. 1981). The defendant Government has moved to dismiss the complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1), while plaintiffs have moved for approval, nunc pro tunc, of their untimely filed administrative tort claim. 33 V.I.C. § 3409(c). The motion of the Government will be granted, and the motion of plaintiffs will be denied.

The Government seeks a dismissal of this lawsuit premised upon the failure of plaintiffs to fully comply with the jurisdictional prerequisites set forth in the Tort Claims Act. Section 3409 provides that “no judgment shall be entered in favor” of an aggrieved individual unless that claimant first files an administrative claim with the Office of the Governor, within ninety days after the accrual of the claim. In the alternative, the claimant may file a “written notice of intention” with the Governor, which thereby affords him two years from the date on which the claim had accrued to file his formal administrative claim. Id., § 3409(c). If neither of these procedures is followed, the Court may, in its discretion, permit the claimant to file an untimely administrative claim so long as there is “reasonable excuse” for the failure to file and the Government has not thereby suffered “substantial prejudice.” Id.

In the instant case, it is undisputed that the claim of plaintiffs accrued on September 26, 1979. A written notice of intention was not filed however until October 9, 1980, well beyond the ninety-day limit set forth in the statute. The formal claim to the Office of the Governor was not filed until September 11, 1981, which was obviously beyond the ninety-day limit, but within the two-year time period allowed at least for those claims filed subsequent to a timely filed notice of intention. The present action was filed with the Court on December 8, 1981, and the request for approval of the untimely filed notice of intention was filed on July 21, 1982. The question therefore presented by the instant motions is whether the discretionary authority provided under § 3409(c) to approve an untimely notice of intention or an untimely administrative claim filed within two years after the date of accrual may be invoked where the application for such relief itself comes after the two-year time limitation.

The so-called “savings” clause contained in § 3409(c) of the [268]*268Virgin Islands Tort Claims Act has been repeatedly afforded a generous construction and lenient application by the courts of this jurisdiction. See, e.g., Yeamans v. Snook, 15 V.I. 129, 145-148 (D.V.I. 1979); Rodgers v. IBEC Housing Co., V.I., Inc., 12 V.I. 166, 173-174 (D.V.I. 1975); Richards v. Government, 10 V.I. 6 (D.V.I. 1973). Nevertheless, in “waiving the immunity of the Government to tort actions, the Virgin Islands legislature set forth certain statutory conditions to the maintenance of such actions. . . . The wording of the pertinent provisions is mandatory.” George v. Boynes, 13 V.I. 582, 584 (D.V.I. 1977). Thus “the 90-day notice requirement embodied in 33 V.I.C. § 3409 expresses the strong policy . . . that tort actions against the Government are to be filed promptly and prosecuted diligently. Failure to act will result in the plaintiff being denied access to the courts.” Dublin v. Virgin Islands Telephone Corp., 15 V.I. 214, 233-234 (Terr. Ct. 1978).

In the present case plaintiffs would further expand the already charitable provisions contained in paragraph 2 of § 3409(c). Although the clause does not preclude the Court from approving nunc pro tunc an untimely filed claim, logic dictates that the application itself must come within the prescribed two-year period. If, as the statute expressly provides, “application for such permission shall be made upon motion”, and if the grant of such motion would thereby enable the claimant “to file [the administrative] claim at any time within two years after the accrual thereof,” how is it possible for the Court to properly entertain the application once that two-year period has elapsed? In a recent case similar to the case at bar, the Territorial Court concluded that “permission could not be granted where no application was filed within the two-year period [and where the period had] already expired.” Mercer v. Government, 18 V.I. 171 (Terr. Ct. 1982) (Hodge, P.J.). Treating an affidavit of plaintiff as a request for permission to file a late claim under § 3409(c), the Court held that such a request was “a nullity because it was not filed until after the two-year limitation period had expired.” Id. The request was therefore denied and the case dismissed notwithstanding the express finding of the Court that “the government had actual and timely knowledge of the facts [of the claim] and there was no prejudice to the government.” Id.1

[269]*269The New York courts in applying an almost identical late filing provision contained in the statute, upon which our Tort Claims Act is in part modeled,2 have also held that “although leave to file nunc pro tunc can be granted in an appropriate case, the grant of such a privilege can only be made within the context to file a late claim. Where no [timely] application can be made ... a late filing cannot be allowed to stand.” Muscat v. State of New York, 426 N.Y.S.2d 711, 713-714 (Ct. Cl. 1980) (request of plaintiff for approval of administrative claim which had been filed four days after the lapse of the 90-day period denied where request for approval was made after the lapse of the prescribed time period for the filing of late claims). See also, Calderazzo v. State of New York, 426 N.Y.S.2d 160 (App. Div. 1980); Bay Ridge Air Rights, Inc. v. State of New York, 376 N.Y.S.2d 895, 899 (Ct. Cl. 1975), modified and affd., 394 N.Y.S.2d 464 (App. Div. 1977), aff'd., 404 N.Y.S.2d 73 (N.Y. 1978) (application for permission to file a late claim will not lie if not made within time period for filing of late claims). In short, the discretionary authority granted the Court by § 3409(c) may not be exercised in a manner “which will supply a jurisdictional defect by requiring something to be done which has not been done.” Stock v. Mann, 174 N.E. 76, 77 (N.Y. 1930).

The foregoing conclusion may have a harsh impact, particularly where, as in the present case, plaintiffs are unable to retain counsel until well after the expiration of the relevant time limits. This Court would prefer, as it has on previous occasions, to reach the merits of Tort Claims actions rather than to dismiss them for technical filing deficiencies. However, the present case does not present circumstances in which an administrative claim was timely filed but merely lacked verification, Yeamans v. Snook, supra, or where there was excusable uncertainty about the date on which the plaintiff’s claim had actually accrued, Rodgers v. IBEC Housing Co., V.I., Inc., supra, or where there was excusable unfamiliarity with the terms of the Tort Claims Act itself, Richards v. Government, supra. Moreover, the staleness of this action — particularly as it sounds in tort — militates against an exercise of jurisdiction. “The strong public policy of the Virgin Islands with respect to tort claims against [270]*270the Government . . . argues against the presentation of stale claims. . ..

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