U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Majchrowicz

2014 Ohio 2530

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: June 12, 2014
• Docket: 100174
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as U.S. Bank, N.A. v. Majchrowicz, 2014-Ohio-2530.]

Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 100174

U.S. BANK, N.A. PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

vs.

DEBORAH L. MAJCHROWICZ, ET AL. DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED

Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CV-10-727539

BEFORE: Blackmon, J., Rocco, P.J., and McCormack, J.

RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: June 12, 2014 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS

Jay R. Carson Wegman, Hessler & Vanderburg 6055 Rockside Woods Blvd. Suite 200 Cleveland, Ohio 44131

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Gregory A. Stout Reisenfeld & Associates, L.L.C. 3962 Red Bank Road Cincinnati, Ohio 45227

Steven J. Paffilas United States Attorney’s Office 801 West Superior Avenue Suite 400 Cleveland, Ohio 44113

PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, J.: {¶1} Appellant Deborah Majchrowicz (“Majchrowicz”) appeals the trial court’s

decision that treated U.S. Bank’s second motion to reconsider as a Civ.R. 60(B) motion

for relief from judgment and then granted the motion. Majchrowicz assigns the

following error for our review:

I. The trial court erred by granting plaintiff’s motion for reconsideration of a final appealable order.

{¶2} Having reviewed the record and pertinent law, we affirm the trial court’s

decision. The apposite facts follow.

{¶3} On May 24, 2010, U.S. Bank filed a complaint in foreclosure against

Majchrowicz. On June 9, 2010, Majchrowicz filed a notice of bankruptcy that stayed the

proceeding. On October 20, 2010, following Majchrowicz’s discharge in bankruptcy,

the case was returned to the trial court’s active docket. On February 24, 2011, the trial

court referred the case to mediation. On July 7, 2011, mediation was terminated.

{¶4} On July 27, 2011, U.S. Bank filed its motion for default and summary

judgment. Majchrowicz failed to appear for the default judgment hearing. On

September 21, 2011, the trial court granted U.S. Bank’s motions for default and summary

judgment. On September 23, 2011, the magistrate issued a decision recommending that

the matter proceed to foreclosure.

{¶5} On November 14, 2011, the trial court adopted the magistrate’s decision

and issued a decree of foreclosure. On December 6, 2011, the trial court issued an order

of sale. Following the appraisal, the trial court scheduled the sheriff’s sale for January

23, 2012, and U.S. Bank notified Majchrowicz of the sale. {¶6} Upon receiving notice of the sale, Majchrowicz requested continued

mediation. On January 10, 2012, the trial court referred the matter for a second round of

mediation and stayed all discovery, as well as motion practice, but did not stay the order

of sale. On January 23, 2012, the subject property was sold as scheduled. U.S. Bank

purchased the property, but the trial court did not immediately confirm the sale.

{¶7} On April 24, 2012, U.S. Bank notified the mediator that they had offered

Majchrowicz a trial plan to stay in the house. The following day, the trial court issued a

judgment entry that ordered U.S. Bank to “file a notice of intent to proceed or submit a

request to vacate 11/14/2011 foreclosure decree and 1/27/2012 order of sale and dismissal

entry or notice of dismissal on or before 8/16/2012.”

{¶8} On August 17, 2012, after U.S. Bank failed to file a notice of intent or entry

of dismissal, the trial court sua sponte vacated the foreclosure decree and order of sale,

and dismissed the case without prejudice. On September 17, 2012, the trial court issued

an order vacating the sale of the property. U.S. Bank did not appeal the trial court’s

decision vacating the previous orders.

{¶9} On September 28, 2012, U.S. Bank filed a motion for reconsideration of the

trial court’s orders that vacated the foreclosure decree and order of sale. Majchrowicz

opposed the motion. On October 12, 2012, the trial court denied U.S. Bank’s motion for

reconsideration. {¶10} On February 15, 2013, U.S. Bank refiled the case, but designated the matter

as “newly filed” resulting in it being opened as a separate case with a different judge.

The “newly filed” case was eventually dismissed without prejudice.

{¶11} On May 28, 2013, U.S. Bank filed a second motion to reconsider and

reinstate the foreclosure decree and sheriff’s sale. U.S. Bank cited our decision in BAC

Home Loans Servicing v. Henderson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98745, 2013-Ohio-275, and

argued that the trial court had no jurisdiction to reverse the previous orders. On June 11,

2013, Majchrowicz opposed the motion on the grounds that a motion for reconsideration

cannot be used as a substitute for an appeal.

{¶12} On June 28, 2013, the trial judge, who inherited the docket following the

retirement of the previous judge, granted U.S. Bank’s second motion for reconsideration

pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B). Majchrowicz now appeals.

Trial Court Sua Sponte Vacating Final Orders

{¶13} In the sole assigned error, Majchrowicz argues the trial court erred when it

granted U.S. Bank’s second motion for reconsideration. Specifically, Majchrowicz

argues that the dismissal of the foreclosure complaint without prejudice and the denial of

U.S. Bank’s first motion for reconsideration were both final orders that U.S. Bank failed

to appeal. Predominantly, Majchrowicz argues that U.S. Bank should not be allowed to

utilize successive motions for reconsideration as a substitute for an appeal. For the

reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court’s decision. {¶14} There are two judgments that are appealable in foreclosure actions. Wells

Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Cuevas, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99921, 2014-Ohio-498, citing

Mulby v. Poptic, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 96863, 2012-Ohio-1037, ¶ 6, citing Emerson

Tool, L.L.C. v. Emerson Family Ltd. Partnership, 9th Dist. Summit No. 24673,

2009-Ohio-6617, ¶ 13. The first is the order of foreclosure and sale. The second is the

confirmation of the sale. Id.

{¶15} Thus, the trial court’s November 14, 2011 judgment ordering foreclosure

and January 27, 2012 order of sale of the property are final, appealable orders. Aurora

Loan Servs. L.L.C. v. Phillips, 5th Dist. Knox No. 12-CA-4, 2012-Ohio-5377, citing

Third Natl. Bank v. Speakman, 18 Ohio St.3d 119, 120, 480 N.E.2d 411 (1985).

{¶16} Recently, in Henderson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98745, 2013-Ohio-275,

we held that a trial court has no authority to sua sponte vacate its own final orders. Id.,

citing In re R.T.A., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98498, 2012-Ohio-5080, ¶ 5, citing Dickerson

v. Cleveland Metro. Hous. Auth, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 96726, 2011-Ohio-6437, ¶ 7.

{¶17} Similar to the instant case, in Henderson, the trial court entered a decree of

foreclosure and ordered a sheriff’s sale. Id. at ¶ 2. A bankruptcy filed prior to the sale

temporarily stayed the proceedings. However, after the bankruptcy proceedings were

dismissed, the trial court ordered a pre-mediation conference. Id. at ¶ 3-5. The mediation

order included language stating that “‘failure of the plaintiff’s counsel to appear in person

at the pre-mediation conference will result in dismissal of the plaintiff’s claims without prejudice.’” Id. at ¶ 5. When the bank’s counsel failed to appear for the pre-mediation

conference, the trial court dismissed the case without prejudice. Id. at ¶ 7.

{¶18} However, unlike Henderson, in the instant case, instead of appealing the

trial court’s August 17, 2012 judgment that vacated the two prior final appealable orders,

U.S. Bank complicated the matter by filing a motion for reconsideration. It is noted that

motions for reconsideration are not allowable either expressly or impliedly in the trial

court after a final judgment. Bank of N.Y. Mellon Trust Co., N.A. v. Hentley, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 99252, 2013-Ohio-3150, citing Pitts v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 67 Ohio

St.2d 378, 423 N.E.2d 1105 (1981), paragraph one of the syllabus. Thus, the trial court’s

decision granting U.S. Bank’s second motion for reconsideration was a nullity and did not

constitute a final appealable order. Nannicola v. Rosan, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 12 MA

20, 2012-Ohio-5338.

{¶19} Since the adoption of the Civil Rules, Civ.R. 60(B) provides the exclusive

means for a trial court to vacate a final judgment. In re R.T.A., 2012-Ohio-5080, supra,

citing Rice v. Bethel Assoc., Inc., 35 Ohio App.3d 133, 520 N.E.2d 26 (9th Dist.1987); In

re D.R.M., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98633, 2012-Ohio-5422. As previously noted, U.S.

Bank did not file a Civ.R. 60(B) motion to vacate the trial court’s judgment of August 17,

2012, that vacated the two final appealable orders.

{¶20} The record reveals that in granting U.S. Bank’s second motion for

reconsideration, the trial court treated the motion as a Civ.R. 60(B) motion. A trial court

does have some discretion in treating a motion seeking reconsideration of a final order as a Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from judgment. See State ex rel. Albourque v. Terry,

128 Ohio St.3d 505, 2011-Ohio-1913, 947 N.E.2d 169, ¶ 2. However, it cannot be

applied by the trial court sua sponte. Deutsche Bank v. Pearlman, 162 Ohio App.3d 164,

2005-Ohio-3545, 832 N.E.2d 1253 (9th Dist.).

{¶21} In addition, Civ.R. 60(B) does not apply to actions that are dismissed

without prejudice and that can be refiled. Figueroa v. Showtime Builders, Inc., 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 95246, 2011-Ohio-2912, ¶ 8, citing Hensley v. Henry, 61 Ohio St.2d 277,

400 N.E.2d 1352 (1980); see also Coleman v. Showroom Transp., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.

93675, 2010-Ohio-1439.

{¶22} As in Henderson, 2013-Ohio-275, because the trial court had entered a

judgment of foreclosure for U.S. Bank and ordered the property to be sold at the sheriff ’s

sale — a final judgment — the trial court was without authority to sua sponte vacate its

judgment and dismiss the case. Majchrowicz’s remedy upon the trial court’s order of

foreclosure and sale was to file an appeal or a Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from

judgment in the trial court. Henderson at ¶ 12. Because Majchrowicz did not file

a Civ.R. 60(B) motion, the trial court was without authority to sua sponte vacate its final

judgment of foreclosure and sale and dismiss the case. Id.

{¶23} Consequently, the now retired trial court erred in sua sponte vacating its

judgment of foreclosure in favor of U.S. Bank, and in sua sponte vacating the sheriff’s

sale. In granting U.S. Bank’s second motion for reconsideration, the trial court, who

inherited the docket, recognizing, as we do, that the two orders had been improvidently vacated, stated in pertinent part as follows: “the sua sponte dismissal was indeed improper

but the prior coupling of that problem with an improperly framed motion only

complicated the issue.” Journal Entry, June 28, 2013.

{¶24} Ordinarily, because the trial court granted a motion for reconsideration in a

matter where a final judgment had been issued, and such a motion is a nullity, the

judgment of the trial court would have been reversed and the prior judgment reinstated.

However, under the peculiar facts of the instant case, to bring this procedural maze to a

close, we are constrained to affirm the trial court’s decision. We are not fashioning a new

interpretation of the Civil Rules by the foregoing, but rather fashioning a remedy where

the error first occurred. Accordingly, we overrule the sole assigned error.

{¶25} Judgment affirmed.

It is ordered that appellee recover from appellants costs herein taxed.

The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into

execution.

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of

the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, JUDGE

KENNETH A. ROCCO, P.J., and TIM McCORMACK, J., CONCUR