United States v. Williams

42 M.J. 791, 1995 CCA LEXIS 152, 1995 WL 335759
CourtNavy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals
DecidedMay 22, 1995
DocketNMCM 94 00319
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 42 M.J. 791 (United States v. Williams) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Williams, 42 M.J. 791, 1995 CCA LEXIS 152, 1995 WL 335759 (N.M. 1995).

Opinions

REED, Senior Judge:

A decision on this case was initially issued on 31 March 1995, but that opinion was withdrawn by this Court on its own motion on 21 April 1995. The following is the opinion of the Court after reconsideration:

The appellant was tried by a special court-martial, military judge alone, on 2 May 1989. Pursuant to his pleas, he was found guilty of three unauthorized absences, a disrespect, and a bad check offense, in violation, respectively, of Articles 86, 89, and 134, Uniform Code of Military Justice [hereinafter “UCMJ” or “the Code”], 10 U.S.C. §§ 886, 889, 934 (1988). He was sentenced to confinement for 90 days, a forfeiture of $450.00 pay per month for 3 months; reduction to pay grade E-l, and a bad-conduct discharge. Pursuant to a pretrial agreement, the convening authority [CA] suspended all confine[792]*792ment in excess of 50 days.1 The appellant has now asserted two assignments of error.2 The following facts are pertinent to an analysis of the assignments of error.

Facts

The appellant was tried on 2 May 1989. The convening authority acted 3 months later, on 7 August 1989, and forwarded the record to the Judge Advocate General for further review by this Court. Five years elapsed, however, before this record of trial was placed on our docket. It is unclear what, if any, action was taken in the Navy-Marine Corps Appellate Review Activity [ÑAMARA], Office of the Judge Advocate General, for most of that 5 years. In late fall of 1993, the appellant contacted NAMARA’s Administrative Support Division to check on the status of his appeal. He was referred to NAMARA’s Appellate Defense Division. An attorney there spoke with the appellant and subsequently filed a pleading with this Court seeking appropriate relief on the appellant’s behalf for the appellate delay.

Prior to this time, no counsel had been appointed to represent the appellant at the appellate level. It is the usual practice at ÑAMARA that no appellate defense counsel is appointed to represent an accused before this Court until his case has been placed on our docket. Appellate defense counsel have not challenged this process. The Judge Advocate General, or his designee, decides when a record of trial that has been forwarded for review under Article 66, UCMJ, will be docketed with us. It is clear from the papers filed by the trial defense counsel with this Court that in the intervening years he had long since ceased his representation of the appellant and had lost all contact with him.

From every indication we have received about this ease, it was only after this inquiry by the appellant, near the end of 1993, that any action was taken by the Government to facilitate filing of the appellant’s case with this Court. The Government soon thereafter discovered that the court-martial order [CMO], the CA’s action, and the staff judge advocate’s [SJA’s] post-trial recommendation were missing from the record of trial. Although the Government did ultimately find a copy of the CMO, which included a recitation of the text of the CA’s action, neither the actual action (which was a separate document from the CMO) nor the SJA’s recommendation could be found.3

In response to a motion in the nature of a petition for extraordinary relief filed by the appellant in February 1994, we ordered the Government to either (1) produce the record of trial for review or (2) file an explanation of what had been or was being done to remedy any defects in the record and state when the record would be docketed. The Government replied that, since copies of the original action, the recommendation, and the clemency petition could not be found, the record was being returned to the convening authority for a new recommendation and a new action. See United States v. Cruz, 38 M.J. 611 (N.M.C.M.R.1993).

Thereafter, a new SJA’s recommendation was completed and served on the original trial defense counsel. Because of the length of time that had passed since the trial, the trial defense counsel requested an extension [793]*793of time in which to reply to the SJA recommendation, arguing that he needed a copy of the record of trial and time to communicate with his client. The record is unclear whether an extension of time was granted. In a lengthy memo that is attached to the record, the trial defense counsel details the problems he had in dealing with the SJA’s office and in locating the appellant. Suffice it to say, by the time he had contacted the appellant and filed a clemency petition in response to the SJA’s recommendation, the CA had already acted. This failure of the CA to consider the clemency petition resulted in the second assignment of error.

Analysis

In an affidavit, the appellant alleges he has been prejudiced by the lack of speedy review of his court-martial. Specifically, he notes that the company he established has been unable to compete for Government contracts because the Government refuses to contract with him while he remains on active duty. The Government replies, citing United States v. Jenkins, 38 M.J. 287 (C.M.A.1993); United States v. Dunbar, 31 M.J. 70 (C.M.A.1990); United States v. Henry, 40 M.J. 722 (N.M.C.M.R.1994), that the appellant has offered “nothing more than vague allegations of being ‘denied very lucrative contracts with the military’ ” and that his assignments should be dismissed. (Government’s Reply to Assignments of Error at 4.) We agree with the Government that more is required of the appellant than mere assertions of lost employment opportunities.4 This does not end our inquiry, however.

Of particular concern to us in this case is the fact that the delay the appellant has incurred was not caused by inexperienced sailors or Marines untutored in the complexities of legal review. Rather, the delays resulted from the inattention, dereliction, or incompetence of legally trained personnel. There is no explanation for the delays that have occurred, and apparently, no one has been held responsible for them.

Additionally, as noted earlier, the appellant was denied representation at the appellate level for over 5 years by the failure of the Judge Advocate General, or his designee, to docket the appellant’s case with this Court. Article 70(c) of the Code, 10 U.S.C. § 870(c) (1988), provides an accused servicemember with the right to appellate defense counsel. The U.S. Court of Military Appeals (now the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces) has “recognized that the right to be represented by counsel at the trial and on appeal are primary rights of persons accused of crime in the civilian and military communities in the United States.” United States v. Palenius, 2 M.J. 86, 90 (C.M.A.1977).

The Government acknowledged in its reply to the appellant’s motion that

there are many other cases which present delays as long or even longer than the delay seen here ... [and that] efforts are being made to identify all cases which have not been properly forwarded for review and to ensure that they are referred to the Court or administratively resolved. Steps are also being taken to bring institutional changes to prevent future breakdowns in the review process.

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Related

United States v. Bauerbach
55 M.J. 501 (Army Court of Criminal Appeals, 2001)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
42 M.J. 791, 1995 CCA LEXIS 152, 1995 WL 335759, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-williams-nmcca-1995.