United States v. William Ferguson

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: April 12, 2021
• Docket: 18-55854
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

FILED NOT FOR PUBLICATION APR 12 2021 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 18-55854

Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. Nos. 2:16-cv-09678-TJH 2:04-cr-01131-GAF-7 v.

WILLIAM FERGUSON, MEMORANDUM*

Defendant-Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Terry J. Hatter, Jr., District Judge, Presiding

Submitted April 8, 2021** Pasadena, California

Before: W. FLETCHER, WATFORD, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.

William Ferguson appeals the denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion.

Because the parties are familiar with the facts and procedural history, we do not

restate them here except as necessary to explain our disposition.

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). The district court found Ferguson procedurally defaulted on his claims. It

found that he failed to show actual prejudice that would excuse the procedural

default because the only support offered for his insufficiency of the evidence claim

regarding the drug trafficking predicates was a transcript of the Government’s

closing argument. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 2253, and we affirm.

The district court’s denial of a § 2255 petition is reviewed de novo. United

States v. Fultz, 923 F.3d 1192, 1194 (9th Cir. 2019). “Determinations of whether

there has been a procedural default are also reviewed de novo.” United States v.

Ratigan, 351 F.3d 957, 961 (9th Cir. 2003).

“Where a defendant has procedurally defaulted a claim by failing to raise it

on direct review, the claim may be raised in habeas only if the defendant can first

demonstrate either cause and actual prejudice . . . or that he is actually innocent.”

Bousley v. United States, 523 U.S. 614, 622 (1998) (citations and quotations

omitted).

To establish prejudice, Ferguson must show there is a “reasonable

probability” that the outcome of the proceedings would have been different. See

Strickler v. Greene, 527 U.S. 263, 289 (1999). To show actual innocence,

Ferguson must demonstrate “in light of all the evidence … that it is more likely

2 than not that no reasonable juror would have convicted him.” Ratigan, 351 F.3d at

965.

Ferguson fails to demonstrate that had he appealed the sufficiency of the

evidence supporting the § 924(c) convictions based on the drug trafficking charges,

there is a reasonable probability he would have succeeded on the merits of that

appeal. He would need to show that the evidence underlying the drug trafficking

convictions was insufficient, such that “after viewing the evidence in the light most

favorable to the prosecution” no “rational trier of fact could have found the

essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” United States v.

Krouse, 370 F.3d 965, 967 (9th Cir. 2004) (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S.

307, 319 (1979)).

The evidence supporting Ferguson’s convictions for attempted possession

with intent to distribute cocaine was legally sufficient for each of the challenged

counts. The jury heard testimony concerning the conspiracy’s aims generally that

supported an inference in favor of the government. See United States v. Stanton,

501 F.3d 1093, 1101 (9th Cir. 2007) (describing that where the evidence permits

conflicting inferences—one indicating guilt and the other innocence—the court is

to presume the trier of fact resolved these inferences in favor of the government).

There was also evidence for each of the relevant robberies from which a rational 3 juror could conclude Ferguson attempted to find drugs in the home, including co-

conspirator testimony that the conspirators were informed there might be drugs at

each location and that conspirators asked victims where the drugs were.

The evidence supporting the jury’s finding that Ferguson possessed or used

a firearm in connection with possession of cocaine was also legally sufficient. “A

conviction for possession of a firearm ‘in furtherance of’ a drug trafficking offense

or crime of violence under § 924(c) requires proof that the defendant possessed the

weapon to promote or facilitate the underlying crime.” Krouse, 370 F.3d at 967.

In determining whether sufficient evidence supports a conviction under this

Section, we consider whether “facts in evidence reveal a nexus between the

guns . . . and the underlying offense.” Id. at 968.

Here, evidence adduced at trial showed Ferguson was armed when he went

to the house on Hubbard Street. Evidence showed that he carried and displayed the

gun as part of a show of authority intended to enable the offense of possession with

intent to distribute. Ferguson possessed the firearm immediately, accessibly, and

strategically on his person while taking possession of the drugs with intent to

distribute. See United States v. Rios, 449 F.3d 1009, 1012 (9th Cir. 2006). This is

sufficient to establish the requisite nexus. Id.

4 Because Ferguson cannot demonstrate a likelihood of success on his

insufficiency of the evidence claims, he cannot establish prejudice or actual

innocence to excuse any procedural default. Accordingly, we need not resolve any

other issues raised by the parties.

AFFIRMED.