United States v. Voyles

28 M.J. 831, 1989 CMR LEXIS 208, 1989 WL 49001
CourtU.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review
DecidedMarch 17, 1989
DocketNMCM 87 2461
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 28 M.J. 831 (United States v. Voyles) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Voyles, 28 M.J. 831, 1989 CMR LEXIS 208, 1989 WL 49001 (usnmcmilrev 1989).

Opinions

RUBENS, Judge:

Following guilty pleas, a general court-martial composed of officer members convicted appellant of seven specifications of larceny (Charge II) and one specification of unauthorized absence (Charge IV) in violation of Articles 121 and 86, Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), 10 U.S.C. 921 and 886, respectively. The military judge dismissed alleged violations of Articles 132 and 107, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. 932 and 907 (Charges I and III), as multiplicious for findings. The members sentenced appellant to reduction to E-l and a bad-conduct discharge. The convening authority approved the sentence as adjudged notwithstanding the staff judge advocate’s Rule for Courts-Martial (R.C.M.) 1106, Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM), United States, 1984, recommendation that the discharge be commuted to confinement for six months.1

The appellant has made two assignments of error:

I

THE MILITARY JUDGE ERRED IN DENYING APPELLANT’S MOTION TO DISMISS THE CHARGES FOR LACK OF SPEEDY TRIAL BECAUSE DELIVERY OF PREFERRED CHARGES TO TRIAL DEFENSE COUNSEL WAS “NOTICE TO THE ACCUSED” FOR PURPOSES OF RULE 707(a) OF THE RULES FOR COURTS-MARTIAL.

II

THE SENTENCE TO AN UNSUSPENDED BAD-CONDUCT DISCHARGE IS INAPPROPRIATELY SEVERE GIVEN THE APPELLANT’S EXEMPLARY RECORD.

We have examined the record of trial and the briefs submitted by counsel [832]*832and find that the appellant’s first assignment of error has merit with respect to Charge II.2 We need not resolve the second assignment of error because a punitive discharge is not authorized for Charge IV, the remaining offense of which the accused was convicted, and because we will return the record of trial to the convening authority for appropriate action.

The military judge accepted as factual the stipulated chronology offered by the parties. The facts which are pertinent to the resolution of the first assignment of error are:

28 May 1986 Commission of the last offenses alleged in Charges I, II, and III.
15 Aug 1986 Charges I, II, and III preferred.3
19 Aug 1986 Preferred charges received by Naval Legal Service Office (NLSO), Norfolk, VA, for screening.
LCDR Henebery detailed as defense counsel.
20 Aug 1986 Commanding Officer, SEAL Team SIX, signs Article 32, UCMJ, appointing order designating LCDR Van Winkle Government counsel and LCDR Henebery defense counsel. The commanding officer also directs in the order that a copy of the preferred charge sheet be given to LCDR Henebery. LCDR Henebery meets with appellant.
25 Aug 1986 Preferred charges and appointing order officially received at NLSO, Norfolk, VA. Copy provided to LCDR Henebery.
26 Aug 1986 LCDR Henebery reviews preferred charges with appellant.
19-25 Sep 1986 Appellant absent without authority. This absence becomes Charge IV.
Late Nov 1986 Article 32, UCMJ, investigation docketed for 10 Dec 1986.
10 Dec 1986 Article 32, UCMJ, investigation is convened but Government invokes the classified information privilege of MilR.Evid. 505 and the hearing is postponed.
23 Jan 1987 Article 32, UCMJ, investigation reconvened and completed.
20 Mar 1987 Charges referred to a general court-martial.
27 Mar 1987 Government declares it is ready to
proceed to trial and proposes trial date of 6-7 April 1987.
28 Mar 1987 Defense declares it will not be
ready for trial on date proposed by Government and proposes trial date of 29-30 April 1987.
29 Apr 1987 Trial begins.

In addition to accepting the stipulated chronology, the military judge also made the following mixed findings of fact and conclusions of law in ruling on the speedy trial motion:

That the Command Services Department at [Njaval Legal Service Office, Norfolk, as a matter of standard operating procedures delivers a copy of charges received with a request for an Article 32 hearing to the defense — appointed defense counsel.
That Lieutenant Commander Swanson did not advise the accused of the charges nor deliver to him a copy of the charges. Based on the above, the court is of the opinion that the delivery of the charge sheet by personnel attached to the Naval Legal Service Office, Norfolk, to the defense counsel was an event occurring in due course in the marshaling of an Article 32 hearing team; that is, the government counsel, defense counsel, and the hearing officer.
That delivery of the charges to the defense counsel, under the facts in this case, can in no way be construed to be an official notification of preferral of charges to the accused. Lieutenant Commander Swanson’s conscientious efforts to ensure that the accused does not — was not apprised of the charges [833]*833during the preliminary stages of investigation supports the conclusion that the command did not intend to officially notify the accused of the preferred charges until he was duly advised by the investigating officer at the Article 32 hearing, the investigating officer being an appointee of the convening authority.
The court finds that the accused was not denied due process in this case. Accordingly, the court finds that the accused was officially notified of the preferred charges on 10 December 1986 at the Article 32 hearing. The court calculates a total of 140 days had elapsed but deducting 22 days; that is, from 6 April to 29 April, and 43 days from 10 December to 23 January, times chargeable to the defense, the government is chargeable with 75 days.

R. 44 and 45.

In United States v. Angel, 28 M.J. 600 (N.M.C.M.R.1989) (en banc), this Court, on almost identical facts, held that the accused’s immediate commander had caused the accused to be notified of the preferred charges pursuant to R.C.M. 308(a), MCM, 1984, when that commander issued an Article 32, UCMJ, appointing order which directed that a copy of the appointing order and the preferred charges be given to the detailed defense counsel; and the defense counsel, in accordance with his duties, reviewed such charges with the accused. This Court then found that this notification of preferred charges began the 120-day speedy trial clock of R.C.M. 707(a), MCM, 1984. This Court dismissed the charges in Angel because, after excluding any applicable time periods under R.C.M. 707(c), MCM, 1984, Angel had been brought to trial in excess of 120 days.

In applying Angel to the facts in the case sub judice,

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Related

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28 M.J. 328 (United States Court of Military Appeals, 1989)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
28 M.J. 831, 1989 CMR LEXIS 208, 1989 WL 49001, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-voyles-usnmcmilrev-1989.