United States v. Teresa Kobriger

825 F.3d 495, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 10522, 2016 WL 3212498
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
DecidedJune 10, 2016
Docket15-2641
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 825 F.3d 495 (United States v. Teresa Kobriger) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Teresa Kobriger, 825 F.3d 495, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 10522, 2016 WL 3212498 (8th Cir. 2016).

Opinion

BEAM, Circuit Judge.

Teresa Ann Kobriger appeals following the entry of a guilty plea to a charge of embezzlement by a bank employee in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 656. The district court 1 sentenced Kobriger to twenty-one months’ imprisonment, the bottom of the suggested United States Sentencing Guidelines range. Kobriger challenges the length of the imposed sentence on appeal. We affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

Kobriger worked for Iowa Falls State Bank from November 2004 through January 2014. From December 2008 to December 2012, Kobriger was the Client Associate Supervisor (head teller) at the bank, in charge of all tellers, the bank vault, and ordering cash for the bank. During her time in this position, Kobriger embezzled more than $140,000. The loss was not discovered until January 2014, when Kobriger was no longer the Client Associate Supervisor, having been promoted to Vice President, Retail Manager in 2013. When questioned about the discrepancy, Kobriger lied and indicated she had likewise discovered the missing money herself in 2006 but was never able to find the origin of the discrepancy. During a one-on-one conversation in Kobriger’s home with the bank president, Kobriger explained that a forensic accountant would be confused during the impending investigation because she made fictitious entries to try and fix the problem of the missing money that she had inherited in her 2006 position. She therefore denied stealing the money. However, only five minutes after the president left her home, Kobriger called him and admitted to stealing the money.

Following the entry of her guilty plea, Kobriger moved for a downward variance based on her lack of criminal history, family commitments and social ties, mental health issues, general character, and the fact that at the time of sentencing she had already made good on nearly the entire restitution amount, as she paid $159,181.47 of the $181,393.63 due. 2 The applicable Guidelines range was twenty-one to twenty-seven months, with two to five years of supervised release and a fine of $5,000 to $1,000,000, and total restitution of $181,393.63. The district court denied Ko-briger’s motion for a downward variance and sentenced her to twenty-one months’ imprisonment followed by five years of supervised release.

II. DISCUSSION

This court reviews the imposition of sentences, whether inside or outside the Guidelines range, under a deferential abuse of discretion standard. United States v. Jones, 612 F.3d 1040, 1044 (8th Cir. 2010). An abuse of discretion occurs when: (1) a court fails to consider a relevant factor that should have received significant weight; (2) a court gives significant weight to an improper or irrelevant factor; or (3) a court considers only the appropriate factors but in weighing them commits a clear error of judgment. United *498 States v. Farmer, 647 F.3d 1175, 1179 (8th Cir. 2011). The fact that this court might reasonably have concluded that a different sentence was better suited is assuredly insufficient to justify reversal of the district court under a deferential abuse-of-discretion standard. United States v. Webster, No. 15-3020, 820 F.3d 944, 944-45, 2016 WL 1637644, *1 (8th Cir. Apr. 25, 2016). “[I]t will be the unusual case when we reverse a district court sentence— whether within, above, or below the applicable Guidelines range — as substantively unreasonable.” United States v. Feemster, 572 F.3d 455, 464 (8th Cir. 2009) (en banc) (quoting United States v. Gardellini, 545 F.3d 1089, 1090 (D.C. Cir. 2008)). Too, where the sentence imposed is within the advisory Guidelines range, this court accords it a presumption of reasonableness. United States v. Scales, 735 F.3d 1048, 1052 (8th Cir. 2013).

Here, Kobriger offered the sort of evidence that could have persuaded the district court to vary downward from the advisory Guidelines sentence. For example, offering the character letter from the Iowa Falls State Bank President was certainly favorable to her, as he was a distinctive, unorthodox character witness, to be sure. Kobriger offered evidence to support a conclusion that this crime was out of character for her and that she had made strides since committing the crime to straighten her life out, even obtaining a new job despite her prior transgressions. Too, she had absolutely no criminal history and had paid a notable amount of her restitution at the time of sentencing, which was certainly commendable. However, that the district court did not vary downward was not an abuse of its discretion.

On appeal, Kobriger primarily highlights two aspects of this case that she claims should have warranted a downward variance: the substantial payments she made toward her restitution, and her lack of any criminal history. 3 As to her restitution payments, she claims they demonstrated her good character and illuminated the fact that she had committed to righting her wrongs. Certainly a defendant’s character, including her commitment to the community and a positive impact on its members, can properly form the basis for a motion for downward variance. United States v. Jefferson, 725 F.3d 829, 834 (8th Cir. 2013). Here, however, the court did not abuse its discretion in declining to vary downward on that basis. Kobriger argues that the district court did not specify the exact amount of Kobriger’s notable payment toward restitution, thus indicating this factor was “irrelevant” to the court, or that the court dismissed this evidence “out of hand,” but this is not so. The district court discussed the issue, confirmed with the parties that they stipulated to the amount of the two payments totaling $159,181.47, and did not abuse its discretion in failing to vary downward on that basis. Kobriger additionally argues that her large payment toward restitution greatly exceeded payments made by other, unrelated defendants in prior sentencings on similar offenses and should thus have weighed more heavily with this district court, an argument wholly without support in case law. The district court discussed the arguments raised by Kobriger at sentencing and determined that her payments *499 toward restitution did not support a lower-than-Guidelines sentence. The court did not abuse its discretion in doing so.

Kobriger’s lack of criminal history also does not support a reversal in this case. Kobriger argues that the district court procedurally erred by failing to adequately consider this factor.

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Bluebook (online)
825 F.3d 495, 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 10522, 2016 WL 3212498, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-teresa-kobriger-ca8-2016.