CLD-037 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ___________
No. 21-1975 ___________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
SHAWN PRIM,
Appellant ____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (D.C. Criminal Action No. 5-17-cr-00078-001) District Judge: Honorable Joseph F. Leeson, Jr. ____________________________________
Submitted on Appellee’s Motion for Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6 December 2, 2021
Before: AMBRO, SHWARTZ and BIBAS, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: December 7, 2021) _________
OPINION* _________
PER CURIAM
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. Shawn Prim, a prisoner at FCI-Hazelton, appeals from the District Court’s order
denying his motion for reduction of sentence pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). The
Government has filed a motion for summary affirmance. For the following reasons, we
will grant the motion and summarily affirm the District Court’s order. See 3d Cir. L.A.R.
27.4; 3d Cir. I.O.P. 10.6.
In August 2017, Prim pleaded guilty to theft of firearms and aiding and abetting,
in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(u) and 2; possession of stolen firearms and aiding and
abetting, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(j) and 2; and possession of a firearm
subsequent to sustaining a felony conviction in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). He
was sentenced to 188 months’ imprisonment. On direct appeal, we granted the
Government’s motion to enforce the appellate waiver in the plea agreement and to
summarily affirm the judgment of conviction and sentence. See C.A. No. 18-1836, Order
entered July 12, 2018.
In March 2021, Prim filed an “emergency” motion for “compassionate release”
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i), as amended by the § 601(b) of the First Step
Act, which authorizes criminal defendants to seek reductions of their sentences by
demonstrating “extraordinary and compelling” circumstances.1 Prim argued that he
suffers from asthma, hypertension, and obesity, which make him vulnerable to serious
illness or death from COVID-19. Prim also argued, inter alia, that consideration of the
1 Prim had previously filed a § 3582 motion, which was dismissed for failure to exhaust administrative remedies as required by 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A). See ECF No. 76. The present motion was filed after Prim satisfied the exhaustion requirement. 2 sentencing factors outlined in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) weighed in favor of release,
particularly in light of his rehabilitation while in prison.2
The Government conceded that Prim’s obesity – a condition which the CDC
recognizes puts individuals at increased risk because of COVID-19 – made him eligible
for consideration for compassionate release. The District Court found, however, that
Prim posed a danger to the community, and that the § 3553 factors weighed against his
release. It therefore denied the § 3582 motion. Prim appealed, and the Government
seeks summary affirmance.
We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.3 We review a district court’s
decision to deny a motion for compassionate release for abuse of discretion. See United
States v. Pawlowski, 967 F.3d 327, 330 (3d Cir. 2020). “[W]e will not disturb the
District Court’s decision unless there is a definite and firm conviction that it committed a
2 Those sentencing factors require the courts to consider, inter alia, the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history and characteristics of the defendant; and the need for the sentence to reflect the seriousness of the offense, promote respect for the law, provide just punishment, afford adequate deterrence, protect the public from future crimes by the defendant, and avoid unwarranted sentencing disparities. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). 3 Prim’s notice of appeal was untimely as it was filed outside the 14-day period provided by Fed. R. App. P. 4(b)(1)(A). See United States v. Espinosa-Talamantes, 319 F.3d 1245, 1246 (10th Cir. 2003) (holding that a § 3582(c)(2) motion is considered a continuation of the criminal proceedings). Nonetheless, we will not dismiss the appeal on this basis because the fourteen-day period for filing a notice of appeal in a criminal case is non-jurisdictional, see Virgin Islands v. Martinez, 620 F.3d 321, 328-29 (3d Cir. 2010), and the Government has failed to invoke Fed. R. App. P. 4(b). Id. at 329; see also United States v. Muhammud, 701 F.3d 109, 111 (3d Cir. 2012). 3 clear error of judgment in the conclusion it reached.” Id. (quotation marks and citation
omitted).
We agree with the Government that the appeal presents no substantial question.
See 3d Cir. L.A.R. 27.4; I.O.P. 10.6. As the Government notes, Prim fails to advance any
argument in his appellate brief indicating that the District Court abused its discretion.
Rather, he solely challenges the District Court’s judgment of sentence, arguing, in part,
that the appellate waiver in his plea agreement should not be enforced. The issues he
raises were the subject of his direct criminal appeal and are not implicated by our limited
inquiry here. He has therefore failed to preserve any issues for appeal. See generally
Barna v. Bd. of Sch. Dirs. of Panther Valley Sch. Dist., 877 F.3d 136, 145-46 (3d Cir.
2017) (noting that “we have consistently refused to consider ill-developed arguments or
those not properly raised and discussed in the appellate briefing”); see also Spiegel v.
Cont’l Ill. Nat’l Bank, 790 F.2d 638, 650 (7th Cir. 1986) (recognizing that “[a] brief . . .
that fails to clearly and cogently present arguments for overturning the district court
decision is of little or no help to this court and causes us to doubt whether the appellant
prosecuted the appeal with any reasonable expectation of altering the judgment of the
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CLD-037 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ___________
No. 21-1975 ___________
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
SHAWN PRIM,
Appellant ____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (D.C. Criminal Action No. 5-17-cr-00078-001) District Judge: Honorable Joseph F. Leeson, Jr. ____________________________________
Submitted on Appellee’s Motion for Summary Action Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6 December 2, 2021
Before: AMBRO, SHWARTZ and BIBAS, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: December 7, 2021) _________
OPINION* _________
PER CURIAM
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. Shawn Prim, a prisoner at FCI-Hazelton, appeals from the District Court’s order
denying his motion for reduction of sentence pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). The
Government has filed a motion for summary affirmance. For the following reasons, we
will grant the motion and summarily affirm the District Court’s order. See 3d Cir. L.A.R.
27.4; 3d Cir. I.O.P. 10.6.
In August 2017, Prim pleaded guilty to theft of firearms and aiding and abetting,
in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(u) and 2; possession of stolen firearms and aiding and
abetting, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(j) and 2; and possession of a firearm
subsequent to sustaining a felony conviction in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). He
was sentenced to 188 months’ imprisonment. On direct appeal, we granted the
Government’s motion to enforce the appellate waiver in the plea agreement and to
summarily affirm the judgment of conviction and sentence. See C.A. No. 18-1836, Order
entered July 12, 2018.
In March 2021, Prim filed an “emergency” motion for “compassionate release”
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i), as amended by the § 601(b) of the First Step
Act, which authorizes criminal defendants to seek reductions of their sentences by
demonstrating “extraordinary and compelling” circumstances.1 Prim argued that he
suffers from asthma, hypertension, and obesity, which make him vulnerable to serious
illness or death from COVID-19. Prim also argued, inter alia, that consideration of the
1 Prim had previously filed a § 3582 motion, which was dismissed for failure to exhaust administrative remedies as required by 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A). See ECF No. 76. The present motion was filed after Prim satisfied the exhaustion requirement. 2 sentencing factors outlined in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) weighed in favor of release,
particularly in light of his rehabilitation while in prison.2
The Government conceded that Prim’s obesity – a condition which the CDC
recognizes puts individuals at increased risk because of COVID-19 – made him eligible
for consideration for compassionate release. The District Court found, however, that
Prim posed a danger to the community, and that the § 3553 factors weighed against his
release. It therefore denied the § 3582 motion. Prim appealed, and the Government
seeks summary affirmance.
We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.3 We review a district court’s
decision to deny a motion for compassionate release for abuse of discretion. See United
States v. Pawlowski, 967 F.3d 327, 330 (3d Cir. 2020). “[W]e will not disturb the
District Court’s decision unless there is a definite and firm conviction that it committed a
2 Those sentencing factors require the courts to consider, inter alia, the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history and characteristics of the defendant; and the need for the sentence to reflect the seriousness of the offense, promote respect for the law, provide just punishment, afford adequate deterrence, protect the public from future crimes by the defendant, and avoid unwarranted sentencing disparities. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). 3 Prim’s notice of appeal was untimely as it was filed outside the 14-day period provided by Fed. R. App. P. 4(b)(1)(A). See United States v. Espinosa-Talamantes, 319 F.3d 1245, 1246 (10th Cir. 2003) (holding that a § 3582(c)(2) motion is considered a continuation of the criminal proceedings). Nonetheless, we will not dismiss the appeal on this basis because the fourteen-day period for filing a notice of appeal in a criminal case is non-jurisdictional, see Virgin Islands v. Martinez, 620 F.3d 321, 328-29 (3d Cir. 2010), and the Government has failed to invoke Fed. R. App. P. 4(b). Id. at 329; see also United States v. Muhammud, 701 F.3d 109, 111 (3d Cir. 2012). 3 clear error of judgment in the conclusion it reached.” Id. (quotation marks and citation
omitted).
We agree with the Government that the appeal presents no substantial question.
See 3d Cir. L.A.R. 27.4; I.O.P. 10.6. As the Government notes, Prim fails to advance any
argument in his appellate brief indicating that the District Court abused its discretion.
Rather, he solely challenges the District Court’s judgment of sentence, arguing, in part,
that the appellate waiver in his plea agreement should not be enforced. The issues he
raises were the subject of his direct criminal appeal and are not implicated by our limited
inquiry here. He has therefore failed to preserve any issues for appeal. See generally
Barna v. Bd. of Sch. Dirs. of Panther Valley Sch. Dist., 877 F.3d 136, 145-46 (3d Cir.
2017) (noting that “we have consistently refused to consider ill-developed arguments or
those not properly raised and discussed in the appellate briefing”); see also Spiegel v.
Cont’l Ill. Nat’l Bank, 790 F.2d 638, 650 (7th Cir. 1986) (recognizing that “[a] brief . . .
that fails to clearly and cogently present arguments for overturning the district court
decision is of little or no help to this court and causes us to doubt whether the appellant
prosecuted the appeal with any reasonable expectation of altering the judgment of the
district court”).
In any event, the District Court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion
for compassionate release. Although it erred to the extent that it indicated that it was
bound to consider whether Prim posed a danger to the community, see United States v.
Andrews, 12 F.4th 255, 259 & n.4 (3d Cir. 2021) (holding that the “policy statement is
not applicable – and not binding – for courts considering prisoner-initiated [§ 3582]
4 motions”), the motion could be denied on the basis of its assessment of the § 3553(a)
factors alone. See United States v. Elias, 984 F.3d 516, 519 (6th Cir. 2021). The District
Court properly emphasized the serious nature of Prim’s offenses, his recidivist nature,
and the need to deter future criminal conduct. In particular, it noted that Prim has been
committing crimes “his entire adult life,” and that his latest offenses, which were
committed within three weeks of his release from prison, were “serious, dangerous, and
offensive to the safety of the community.” ECF No. 87 at 10. The record therefore
supports its conclusion that the sentencing factors did not weigh in favor of
compassionate release.
Based on the foregoing, we grant the Government’s motion and will summarily affirm
the District Court’s judgment.