NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION File Name: 19a0007n.06
No. 18-1014 FILED UNITED STATES COURTS OF APPEALS Jan 08, 2019 FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) ) ON APPEAL FROM THE Plaintiff-Appellee, ) UNITED STATES DISTRICT ) COURT FOR THE WESTERN v. ) DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN ) RYAN ROGER BRUCE AMELIA, ) ) Defendant-Appellant. ) OPINION
BEFORE: COLE, Chief Judge; SUHRHEINRICH and MOORE, Circuit Judges.
COLE, Chief Judge. Defendant Ryan Amelia appeals his 204-month within-Guidelines
sentence as procedurally and substantively unreasonable. Because the district court did not
commit plain error in imposing a procedurally reasonable sentence, or abuse its discretion in
imposing a substantively reasonable sentence, we affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
In June 2017, a three-count indictment was filed in the United States District Court for the
Western District of Michigan, charging Amelia, a convicted felon, with knowingly possessing
three firearms in April and May 2017 in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) and possessing
methamphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 844(a). Case No. 18-1014, United States v. Amelia.
A month later, Amelia appeared before the magistrate judge for a change of plea hearing.
Amelia pleaded guilty to count one and accepted a plea agreement addendum acknowledging that
he may be subjected to enhanced penalties as stated in 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1) because of his prior
convictions for violent crimes. The court accepted Amelia’s plea.
According to the presentence investigation report (“PSR”), Amelia had an Offense Level
of 30, and a criminal history category of VI, resulting in an advisory guideline range of 180 to 210
months. The PSR concluded that three of Amelia’s eight prior convictions were crimes of
violence: two assaults with a dangerous weapon, and one controlled substance
delivery/manufacture of marijuana, with a habitual offender. In December 2017, the district court
held a sentencing hearing for Amelia. Amelia did not object to the report. Amelia’s counsel,
however, requested that the court “consider the lower end of the[] guidelines, which is 180 months
in light of … the fact that [Amelia] is dealing with true mental health issues.” (Sentencing H’rg
Tr., R. 66, PageID 256.) Judge Maloney stated that while he normally would not recommend a
specific facility, he “would be willing to put that in the judgment to the extent that it may or may
not work.” Id. at 258.
The court then outlined the 18 U.S.C. § 3553 sentencing factors, which include the nature
and circumstances of the offense; the need for the sentence imposed to reflect the seriousness of
the offense, to afford adequate deterrence to criminal conduct, to protect the public from further
crimes of the defendant; the kind of sentences available; any pertinent policy statement; and the
need to avoid unwarranted sentence disparities among defendants with similar records. The court
found that:
Regretfully, Mr. Amelia earned the designation of Criminal History Category VI regardless of whether he is classified as an armed career criminal or not. He has a very bad criminal history, as [the government] points out, significant convictions for assault-related behavior, as well as prior convictions relating to weapons, and
-2- Case No. 18-1014, United States v. Amelia.
he is back in front of the Court on yet another weapons charge here. I view Mr. Amelia right now as a significant risk to the public. He needs to be specifically deterred as well as the Court’s consideration of general deterrence of others who might contemplate similar criminal activity. Under the circumstances here, given the defendant’s prior criminal history, the need for general and specific deterrence, to the extent that Mr. Amelia is a repeat offender in terms of possession of a [sic] firearms when he shouldn’t have them, I don’t think a mandatory minimum sentence in this case is appropriate, and indeed, a higher term of imprisonment is appropriate, towards the upper end of the advisory guideline range in this case. It would reflect the seriousness of the offense, promote respect for law, and provide just punishment for the offense. Accordingly, it’s the judgment of the Court, the defendant is committed to the custody of the Bureau of Prisons for a term of 204 months.
(Sentence Hr’g Tr., R. 66, PageID 260.)
No objections were made.
On appeal, Amelia argues that his sentence is procedurally unreasonable because the
district court did not comply with the mandate to “state in open court the reasons for its imposition
of the particular sentence, and . . . the reason for imposing a sentence at a particular point within
the range.” (Appellant Br. 4 (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 3553(c)(1))). He also argues that his sentence
is substantively unreasonable because it was imposed arbitrarily.
II. ANALYSIS
1. Procedural Reasonableness
Because Amelia did not object during the sentencing hearing, this court reviews Amelia’s
challenge to his sentence for plain error. See United States v. Vonner, 516 F.3d 382, 386 (6th Cir.
2008)(en banc).. Under the plain-error standard, for Amelia to prove that his sentence was
procedurally unreasonable, he must show (1) error (2) that was obvious or clear, (3) that affected
his substantial rights, and (4) affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of the judicial
proceedings. Id.
-3- Case No. 18-1014, United States v. Amelia.
Amelia argues that the district court failed to “articulate its reasons” for imposing a
sentence near the upper end of the guidelines. (Appellant Br. 6.) In support of this argument,
Amelia asks us to adopt a rule from one of our sister circuits and its requirement that district courts
regularly “refer to the facts of each case and explain why they chose a particular point in the
sentencing range.” United States v. Engler, 422 F.3d 692, 696 (8th Cir. 2005). The government
counters that “the district court here did precisely what the Eighth Circuit recommended.”
(Appellee Br. 11.) We agree.
Before sentencing Amelia to a within-guidelines 204-month sentence, the court recognized
that the “guidelines are advisory,” and the need to “make an individualized assessment based on
the facts presented,” but that it also must “comply with the purposes of sentencing set forth in 18
U.S. Code 3553 (a).” (Sentence Hr’g Tr., R.66, PageID 258.) The court also recognized “that
imprisonment is not suitable for the purpose of promoting correction and rehabilitation.” (Id., at
259 (citing Tapia v. United States, 564 U.S. 319 (2011).) The court then considered the § 3553
factors that were key to his sentence: Amelia’s criminal history, his risk to the public, and the need
to deter Amelia and others from similar conduct. By proceeding in this manner, “the district court
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION File Name: 19a0007n.06
No. 18-1014 FILED UNITED STATES COURTS OF APPEALS Jan 08, 2019 FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) ) ON APPEAL FROM THE Plaintiff-Appellee, ) UNITED STATES DISTRICT ) COURT FOR THE WESTERN v. ) DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN ) RYAN ROGER BRUCE AMELIA, ) ) Defendant-Appellant. ) OPINION
BEFORE: COLE, Chief Judge; SUHRHEINRICH and MOORE, Circuit Judges.
COLE, Chief Judge. Defendant Ryan Amelia appeals his 204-month within-Guidelines
sentence as procedurally and substantively unreasonable. Because the district court did not
commit plain error in imposing a procedurally reasonable sentence, or abuse its discretion in
imposing a substantively reasonable sentence, we affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
In June 2017, a three-count indictment was filed in the United States District Court for the
Western District of Michigan, charging Amelia, a convicted felon, with knowingly possessing
three firearms in April and May 2017 in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) and possessing
methamphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 844(a). Case No. 18-1014, United States v. Amelia.
A month later, Amelia appeared before the magistrate judge for a change of plea hearing.
Amelia pleaded guilty to count one and accepted a plea agreement addendum acknowledging that
he may be subjected to enhanced penalties as stated in 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1) because of his prior
convictions for violent crimes. The court accepted Amelia’s plea.
According to the presentence investigation report (“PSR”), Amelia had an Offense Level
of 30, and a criminal history category of VI, resulting in an advisory guideline range of 180 to 210
months. The PSR concluded that three of Amelia’s eight prior convictions were crimes of
violence: two assaults with a dangerous weapon, and one controlled substance
delivery/manufacture of marijuana, with a habitual offender. In December 2017, the district court
held a sentencing hearing for Amelia. Amelia did not object to the report. Amelia’s counsel,
however, requested that the court “consider the lower end of the[] guidelines, which is 180 months
in light of … the fact that [Amelia] is dealing with true mental health issues.” (Sentencing H’rg
Tr., R. 66, PageID 256.) Judge Maloney stated that while he normally would not recommend a
specific facility, he “would be willing to put that in the judgment to the extent that it may or may
not work.” Id. at 258.
The court then outlined the 18 U.S.C. § 3553 sentencing factors, which include the nature
and circumstances of the offense; the need for the sentence imposed to reflect the seriousness of
the offense, to afford adequate deterrence to criminal conduct, to protect the public from further
crimes of the defendant; the kind of sentences available; any pertinent policy statement; and the
need to avoid unwarranted sentence disparities among defendants with similar records. The court
found that:
Regretfully, Mr. Amelia earned the designation of Criminal History Category VI regardless of whether he is classified as an armed career criminal or not. He has a very bad criminal history, as [the government] points out, significant convictions for assault-related behavior, as well as prior convictions relating to weapons, and
-2- Case No. 18-1014, United States v. Amelia.
he is back in front of the Court on yet another weapons charge here. I view Mr. Amelia right now as a significant risk to the public. He needs to be specifically deterred as well as the Court’s consideration of general deterrence of others who might contemplate similar criminal activity. Under the circumstances here, given the defendant’s prior criminal history, the need for general and specific deterrence, to the extent that Mr. Amelia is a repeat offender in terms of possession of a [sic] firearms when he shouldn’t have them, I don’t think a mandatory minimum sentence in this case is appropriate, and indeed, a higher term of imprisonment is appropriate, towards the upper end of the advisory guideline range in this case. It would reflect the seriousness of the offense, promote respect for law, and provide just punishment for the offense. Accordingly, it’s the judgment of the Court, the defendant is committed to the custody of the Bureau of Prisons for a term of 204 months.
(Sentence Hr’g Tr., R. 66, PageID 260.)
No objections were made.
On appeal, Amelia argues that his sentence is procedurally unreasonable because the
district court did not comply with the mandate to “state in open court the reasons for its imposition
of the particular sentence, and . . . the reason for imposing a sentence at a particular point within
the range.” (Appellant Br. 4 (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 3553(c)(1))). He also argues that his sentence
is substantively unreasonable because it was imposed arbitrarily.
II. ANALYSIS
1. Procedural Reasonableness
Because Amelia did not object during the sentencing hearing, this court reviews Amelia’s
challenge to his sentence for plain error. See United States v. Vonner, 516 F.3d 382, 386 (6th Cir.
2008)(en banc).. Under the plain-error standard, for Amelia to prove that his sentence was
procedurally unreasonable, he must show (1) error (2) that was obvious or clear, (3) that affected
his substantial rights, and (4) affected the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of the judicial
proceedings. Id.
-3- Case No. 18-1014, United States v. Amelia.
Amelia argues that the district court failed to “articulate its reasons” for imposing a
sentence near the upper end of the guidelines. (Appellant Br. 6.) In support of this argument,
Amelia asks us to adopt a rule from one of our sister circuits and its requirement that district courts
regularly “refer to the facts of each case and explain why they chose a particular point in the
sentencing range.” United States v. Engler, 422 F.3d 692, 696 (8th Cir. 2005). The government
counters that “the district court here did precisely what the Eighth Circuit recommended.”
(Appellee Br. 11.) We agree.
Before sentencing Amelia to a within-guidelines 204-month sentence, the court recognized
that the “guidelines are advisory,” and the need to “make an individualized assessment based on
the facts presented,” but that it also must “comply with the purposes of sentencing set forth in 18
U.S. Code 3553 (a).” (Sentence Hr’g Tr., R.66, PageID 258.) The court also recognized “that
imprisonment is not suitable for the purpose of promoting correction and rehabilitation.” (Id., at
259 (citing Tapia v. United States, 564 U.S. 319 (2011).) The court then considered the § 3553
factors that were key to his sentence: Amelia’s criminal history, his risk to the public, and the need
to deter Amelia and others from similar conduct. By proceeding in this manner, “the district court
did not fail to calculate . . . the Guidelines range, treat the Guidelines as mandatory, fail to consider
the § 3553(a) factors, select a sentence based on clearly erroneous facts, or fail to adequately
explain the chosen sentence.” United States v. Sexton, 512 F.3d 326, 331 (6th Cir. 2008) (internal
quotations and alterations omitted).
As the Supreme Court held in Rita v. United States, “when a judge decides simply to apply
the Guidelines to a particular case, doing so will not necessarily require lengthy explanation.” 551
U.S. 338, 356–57 (2007). And we are satisfied that the court “considered the parties’ arguments
and ha[d] a reasoned basis for exercising [its] own legal decisionmaking authority.” Id. at 356.
-4- Case No. 18-1014, United States v. Amelia.
Thus, Amelia’s sentence is procedurally reasonable.
2. Substantive Reasonableness
In the alternative, Amelia contends that his sentence is substantively unreasonable because
it was imposed arbitrarily. We review the substantive reasonableness of a sentence under the
abuse-of-discretion standard. See United States v. Bolds, 511 F.3d 568, 581 (6th Cir. 2007). “For
a sentence to be substantively reasonable, it must be proportionate to the seriousness of the
circumstances of the offense and offender, and ‘sufficient but not greater than necessary, to comply
with the purposes’ of § 3553(a).” United States v. Vowell, 516 F.3d 503, 512 (6th Cir. 2008)
(quoting United States v. Ronald Smith, 505 F.3d 463, 470 (6th Cir. 2007)). “A sentence will be
found to be substantively unreasonable when the district court selects the sentence arbitrarily,
bases the sentence on impermissible factors, fails to consider pertinent § 3553(a) factors or gives
an unreasonable amount of weight to any pertinent factor.” United States v. Sexton, 512 F.3d 326,
332 (6th Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). When a sentence falls within
the guidelines, “we may apply a rebuttable presumption of substantive reasonableness.” Bolds,
511 F.3d at 581.
Amelia argues that the court failed to provide an explanation for his sentence and thus it
was imposed arbitrarily. For support, Amelia points to this court’s decision in United States v.
Webb, 403 F.3d 373 (6th Cir. 2005). In Webb, we held that “we may conclude that a sentence is
unreasonable when the district judge fails to ‘consider’ the applicable Guidelines range or neglects
to ‘consider’ the other factors listed in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), and instead simply selects what the
judge deems an appropriate sentence without such required consideration.” Id. at 383. (citation
and footnote omitted).
-5- Case No. 18-1014, United States v. Amelia.
That is not, however, what the court did here. The district court reviewed the § 3553
factors, considered the guideline range, and then sentenced Amelia at the higher end of the
guideline range. Even though the district court considered three of the § 3553 factors as important
for the sentencing, this consideration does not make the sentence arbitrary. See United States v.
Zobel, 696 F.3d 558, 571 (6th Cir. 2012) (“The district court certainly attached significant weight
to public safety concerns, but a district court does not commit reversible error simply by attaching
great weight to a single factor.”) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Through our
review of the sentencing transcript, we conclude that district court “adequately explain[ed] the
chosen sentence.” Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 50 (2007).
Therefore, we find that Amelia’s sentence is also substantively reasonable.
III. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reason, we affirm Amelia’s sentence of 204 months of imprisonment.
-6-