United States v. Rubio-Perez

CourtDistrict Court, District of Columbia
DecidedMay 4, 2026
DocketCriminal No. 2011-0306
StatusPublished

This text of United States v. Rubio-Perez (United States v. Rubio-Perez) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, District of Columbia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Rubio-Perez, (D.D.C. 2026).

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

v. Criminal Action No. 11-306

PEDRO ALEJANDRO RUBIO-PEREZ, Judge Beryl A. Howell

Defendant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Pending before the Court is defendant Pedro Alejandro Rubio-Perez’s Motion for

Compassionate Release (“Def.’s Mot.”), ECF No. 154, pursuant to amendments made by the First

Step Act of 2018 (“FSA”) to federal courts’ compassionate release authority, as codified at 18

U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A). See Pub. L. No. 115-391, title VI, § 603(b), 132 Stat. 5194, 5239-41.

Defendant suffers from “an amalgam of serious and life-threatening conditions” for which he

contends the Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”) cannot “provide the necessary level of specialized care,”

in part because defendant speaks only “extremely limited English” and BOP no longer provides

interpreters for medical appointments, compounded by the continued risk to his health posed by

his post-release detention in the custody of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”).

Def.’s Mot. at 1; Def.’s Reply in Support of Mot. for Compassionate Release (“Def.’s Reply”) at

3, ECF No. 161. He argues that this confluence of circumstances constitutes an “extraordinary

and compelling reason[]” for release under the FSA prior to his scheduled July 25, 2026, release

date and that early release would be consistent with the factors outlined in 18 U.S.C. § 3553,

because he is not being provided access to appropriate medical care due to the lack of interpretation

services, will be released into the custody of immigration authorities for deportation, where he is

likely to be held for an unknown additional period of time with questionable medical attention,

1 and, due to this immigration detention and his voluntary exit from the drug trade prior to his arrest,

would pose no danger to the public upon release. Def.’s Mot. at 3-4. The Government opposes

early release. Gov’t’s Opp’n to Def.’s Mot. for Compassionate Release (“Gov’t’s Opp’n”), ECF

No. 156. For the reasons discussed, defendant’s motion is GRANTED.

I. BACKGROUND

The offense conduct, based on the statement of facts agreed to by defendant in support of

his plea agreement, Statement of Facts (“SOF”), ECF No. 73, along with factual findings from

sentencing, is briefly summarized below, followed by discussion of the procedural history of the

case and, finally, of the facts relevant to defendant’s compassionate release motion.

A. Defendant’s Crimes

Between 1999 and 2009, defendant participated in a conspiracy with other members of a

drug trafficking organization (“DTO”) to acquire, manufacture, and transport cocaine and

marijuana from Mexico to the United States. SOF ¶ 3. For example, the DTO used hidden

compartments in tractor trailers to ship hundreds of kilograms of cocaine and several tons of

marijuana across the border. Id. Recorded phone calls captured by the U.S. government showed

defendant coordinating these shipments, id. ¶ 4, and from at least 2004 to 2006, defendant was a

leader in the DTO, Minute Order (Dec. 11, 2018) (announcing factual finding of defendant’s

leadership after evidentiary hearing for sentencing). In all, he was directly responsible for the

shipment of at least four hundred and fifty kilograms of cocaine and forty-five thousand kilograms

(nearly 50 tons) of marijuana into the United States. SOF ¶¶ 9-10. Defendant left the conspiracy

in 2009, four years prior to his 2013 arrest by Mexican authorities, to lead a law-abiding life, and

the government at no point alleged that he participated in any criminal conduct after that. Gov’t’s

2 Mem. in Aid of Sentencing (“Gov’t’s Sentencing Mem.”) at 4, ECF No. 80; Def.’s Mem. in Aid

of Sentencing (“Def.’s Sentencing Mem.”) at 3, 10, ECF No. 96.

B. Procedural History

On April 3, 2018, after being extradited to the United States, defendant pled guilty to the

indictment’s sole count of Conspiring to Distribute Five Kilograms or More of Cocaine and 1000

Kilograms or More of Marijuana for Importation into the U.S., and Aiding and Abetting, in

violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 959(a), 960(b)(1)(B)(ii), (b)(1)(H), (b)(1)(A), (b)(1)(G), 963, and 18

U.S.C. § 2. Plea Agreement, ECF No. 72; Minute Entry (Apr. 3, 2018); see also Indictment, ECF

No. 3. He was thereafter sentenced to 180 months of incarceration and 60 months of supervised

release. See Judgment & Commitment, ECF No. 145. This sentence fell below guidelines range

of 292 to 365 months, and was imposed because, among other things, defendant voluntarily

extricated himself from the drug trade several years before his arrest, which was a mitigating factor

as to both his culpability and the continued risk he posed to the public, and because defendant is a

deportable person following his sentence, meaning that he is ineligible to reduce his time in prison

through end-of-sentence reentry programs such as home confinement. (Sealed) Statement of

Reasons (“SOR”) at 5, ECF No. 146 (citing United States v. Smith, 27 F.3d 649 (D.C. Cir. 1994));

Def.’s Sentencing Mem. at 3, 9-10 (explaining implications of defendant’s immigration status and

that he exited the drug trade after his father was killed in cartel-related violence); Gov’t’s

Sentencing Mem. at 4 (acknowledging that the offense conduct ended in 2009). Defendant has

been incarcerated since his arrest in Mexico in 2013 and subsequent extradition in 2015. 1

1 In January 2024, defendant moved to apply retroactively amended sentencing guidelines pertaining to crack cocaine offenses, see Def.’s Mot. for Retroactive Application of Sentencing Guidelines to Crack Cocaine Offense, ECF No. 149, which motion was opposed by the government, see Gov’t’s Mem. in Opp’n to Def.’s Mot. for Retroactive Application, ECF No. 150. This motion was denied because defendant did not satisfy multiple criteria required, under U.S.S.G. § 4C1.1, for retroactive application of these amended rules. Minute Order (Apr. 4, 2024).

3 Defendant is now scheduled for release on July 25, 2026, and, since he is subject to an

immigration detainer, will be then transferred to ICE custody for deportation. Def.’s Mot. at 2.

On March 8, 2026, defendant filed the instant motion for compassionate release. See Def.’s Mot.

Briefing for this motion was completed on April 20, 2026, see Gov’t’s Opp’n; Def.’s Reply, after

defendant’s request for an extension was granted, Def.’s Unopposed Mot. for Ext. of Time to File

Reply, ECF No. 159; Minute Order (Apr. 14, 2026).

C. Defendant’s Medical Conditions

Defendant is 61 years old and incarcerated at the Federal Medical Center Rochester (“FMC

Rochester”), though he is not housed in a medical unit there. Def.’s Mot. at 10; Gov’t’s Opp’n at

2. On June 30, 2025, he reported to the BOP health services unit that he had been experiencing

abdominal pain, although to the nurse practitioner’s understanding, this pain occurred “only . . .

when running or doing abdominal exercises.” Gov’t’s Opp’n, Ex. B, Rubio-Perez Clinical Notes

(“Clinical Notes”) at 1, ECF No. 158. The nurse practitioner recommended taking a break from

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United States v. Rubio-Perez, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-rubio-perez-dcd-2026.