United States v. Rodriguez-Reyes

Procedural entryThis page is a short order in United States v. Rodriguez-Reyes. Read the opinion of the Court — 214 F. App'x 809
Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit·Decided January 29, 2007·No. 06-2043·Published

Opinion

F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS January 29, 2007 TENTH CIRCUIT Elisabeth A. Shumaker Clerk of Court

U N ITED STA TES O F A M ER IC A ,

P l a in t i f f - A p p e ll e e , v. No. 06-2043 LEON AR DO RO DR IGU EZ- (D .C . N o. C R -05-1196 R B ) REYES, ( D . N e w M e x ic o )

D efendant-A ppellant.

ORDER AND JUDGM ENT*

B e f o r e B R I S C O E , E B E L , a n d T Y M K O V I C H , C i r c u it J u d g e s .

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d e te r m i n e d u n a n im o u s l y t o h o n o r t h e p a rt i e s ’ r e q u e s t f o r a d e c i s i o n o n t h e

b r i e f s w i t h o u t o r a l a r g u m e n t . S e e F e d . R . A p p . P . 3 4 ( f ) ; 1 0 t h C ir . R .

3 4 . 1 ( G ) . T h e c a s e is , th e re f o re , o r d e r e d s u b m itte d w ith o u t o r a l a r g u m e n t .

D e f e n d a n t L e o n a rd o R o d r i g u e z -R e ye s ( R o d r i g u e z -R e ye s ) e n te r e d a

* T h i s o r d e r a n d ju d g m e n t i s n o t b i n d i n g p r e c e d e n t, e x c e p t u n d e r t h e d o c tr i n e s o f la w o f th e c a s e , r e s j u d i c a ta , a n d c o ll a te r a l e s t o p p e l. I t m a y b e c it e d , h o w e v e r, f o r i t s p e r s u a s i v e v a lu e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h F e d . R . A p p . P . 3 2 .1 a n d 1 0 th C i r . R . 3 2 . 1 . c o n d it i o n a l g u i l t y p l e a to p o s s e s s i o n w i t h i n t e n t t o d i s t r i b u t e o n e h u n d re d

k i l o g r a m s o r m o r e o f m a r i j u a n a in v i o l a ti o n o f 2 1 U .S . C . § 8 4 1 ( a ) ( 1 ) , 2 1

U . S . C . § 8 4 1 ( b ) ( 1 ) ( B ) , a n d 1 8 U .S . C . § 2 . T h e o n ly i s s u e p r e s e n te d f o r

r e v i e w i s w h e t h e r t h e d i s tr ic t c o u r t e r r e d i n d e n yi n g R o d r ig u e z - R e ye s ’

m o t i o n t o s u p p r e s s p h ys i c a l e v id e n c e a n d s t a te m e n t s i n r u l i n g t h a t t h e r e w a s

r e a s o n a b le s u s p i c io n t h a t R o d r i g u e z -R e ye s w a s i n v o l v e d in c r i m i n a l

a c ti v i t y s u f f ic ie n t t o j u s t i f y a n in v e s t i g a to r y s t o p b y a r o v i n g B o r d e r P a t r o l

a g e n t . W e e x e rc is e ju ri s d ic tio n p u r s u a n t to 2 8 U .S .C . § 1 2 9 1 a n d a f f ir m .

I . F a c tu a l B a c k g ro u n d

T h e f o ll o w i n g f a c t s a r e b a s e d u p o n th e te s t im o n y o f th e tw o U n i t e d

S t a te s B o r d e r P a t r o l A g e n ts , J o s e A g u i l a r ( A g e n t A g u i l a r ) a n d J e s u s F l o r e s

( A g e n t F l o r e s ) , w h o t e s t i f i e d a t t h e h e a r i n g o n R o d r i g u e z - R e ye s ’ m o t i o n t o

s u p p r e s s . T h e s e a re a ls o e s s e n ti a ll y t h e s a m e f a c tu a l f in d i n g s m a d e b y t h e

d i s t r i c t c o u rt in its o rd e r d e n yin g R o d r i g u e z - R e ye s ’ m o tio n to s u p p r e s s .

R o d r i g u e z -R e ye s d o e s n o t c o n te s t a n y o f th e s e f a c tu a l f in d i n g s a s b e in g

c le a rl y e r r o n e o u s a n d th e r e a p p e a r s t o b e n o r e a s o n t o d i s c o u n t t h e

t e s t i m o n y o f e i th e r o f f i c e r .

O n F e b r u a r y 2 4 , 2 0 0 5 , b e tw e e n 7 :0 0 p . m . a n d 9 :0 0 p . m ., A g e n t

A g u i l a r r e c e i v e d in f o r m a ti o n a b o u t a s e n s o r a le r t f o u r m i l e s w e s t o f

C o l u m b u s , N e w M e x ic o . T h e a le r t i n d i c a te d th a t s o m e o n e , p r o b a b ly i n a

v e h ic le , c r o s s e d th e U n i t e d S t a te s / M e x ic o b o r d e r a t t h a t l o c a ti o n . A g e n t

-2- A g u i l a r , w h o w a s p a rk e d tw o t o t h r e e m i l e s e a s t o f C o l u m b u s w h e n h e

r e c e i v e d th e s e n s o r a le r t i n f o r m a ti o n , d e c id e d to i n v e s t i g a te a n d h e h e a d e d

w e s t o n H i g h w a y 9 p a s t C o l u m b u s . A t i t s c lo s e s t p o i n t , H i g h w a y 9 , a tw o -

l a n e p a v e d r o a d th a t r u n s p a r a ll e l t o t h e U n i t e d S t a te s b o r d e r w i t h M e x ic o ,

i s a b o u t o n e m i l e f ro m t h e b o r d e r , a n d a b o u t t h r e e to f o u r m i l e s f r o m t h e

b o r d e r g e n e r a l l y. D u r i n g d a yl i g h t h o u r s , m o s t o f t h e t r a f f i c o n H i g h w a y 9 i s

f a r m a n d r a n c h tr a f f ic a n d th e re a r e f e w to u r i s ts o n th is r o a d a f te r d a r k .

The B order Patrol apprehends alien and drug smugglers on H ighw ay 9

a l m o s t d a ily.

A p p r o x i m a te ly o n e m i l e w e s t o f C o lu m b u s , A g e n t A g u i l a r s a w

h e a d li g h t s f r o m a v e h ic le a p p ro a c h in g h i m o n H i g h w a y 9 . B a s e d o n th e

t i m i n g o f th e a c t i v a ti o n o f th e s e n s o r a n d h is e n c o u n te r w i t h t h i s v e h ic le ,

A gent Aguilar believed that the vehicle likely activated the sensor. He did

n o t e n c o u n te r a n y o t h e r v e h ic le s c o m i n g f r o m t h e a re a w h e r e th e s e n s o r w a s

l o c a t e d . A g e n t A g u i l a r p u l l e d t o t h e s i d e o f t h e r o a d a n d p a r k e d a t a f o r t y-

f iv e - d e g re e a n g l e s o t h a t h e c o u ld g e t a b e tt e r l o o k a t t h e v e h ic le a s i t d r o v e

b y. T w e n ty t o t h i r t y s e c o n d s l a te r , t h e v e h ic le w a s c lo s e e n o u g h f o r A g e n t

A g u i l a r t o id e n tif y it a s a J e e p G r a n d C h e r o k e e w ith A r i z o n a lic e n s e p la te s .

H e a l s o s a w th a t th e re w a s f re s h , w e t m u d o n th e r e a r o f th e v e h ic le .

F r o m t h i s , a n d g iv e n th a t i t h a d r a in e d in t e r m i t t e n tl y o v e r t h e p r e v io u s

f e w d a ys , A g e n t A g u i l a r s u r m i s e d th a t t h e m u d i n d i c a te d th a t t h e C h e r o k e e

-3- h a d b e e n d r iv e n o f f - r o a d r e c e n t ly. H e a l s o t e s t if i e d t h a t t h e r e w e r e

n u m e r o u s u n i m p r o v e d r o a d s c o m i n g f r o m t h e M e x ic a n b o rd e r t o H i g h w a y 9 ,

w h i c h b e c o m e v e ry m u d d y i n r a in y w e a th e r . W i t h i n t h e f e w d a ys p r e c e d i n g

F e b r u a r y 2 4 , 2 0 0 5 , t h e d a y i n q u e s t i o n , t h e B o r d e r P a t r o l h a d a p p re h e n d e d

b e t w e e n f i v e a n d t e n “ d r iv e - th r o u g h s , ” t h a t is , i n d i v i d u a l s d r iv i n g a c r o s s

t h e U n i t e d S t a te s / M e x ic a n b o rd e r a t p l a c e s o t h e r t h a n a p o rt o f e n tr y. A g e n t

A g u i l a r a ls o k n e w t h a t d r u g a n d a li e n s m u g g l e r s p r e f e r r e d S U V - t yp e

v e h ic le s , a s t h e y c o u ld c a rr y a f a i r a m o u n t o f c a r g o , a n d a ls o h a d “ o f f - r o a d ”

c a p a b i l i t i e s . T h e C h e r o k e e ’s A r i z o n a li c e n s e p la te s a ls o i n d i c a te d th a t t h e

v e h ic le w a s n o t l o c a l a n d w a s n o t p a r t o f th e u s u a l t r a f f i c p a tt e rn o n

H i g h w a y 9 a t th a t tim e o f n ig h t.

A s the Cherokee passed A gent Aguilar, he proceeded to follow it

e a s t b o u n d o n H i g h w a y 9 . A g e n t A g u i l a r n o t i c e d th a t t h e C h e r o k e e w a s

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United States v. Rodriguez-Reyes, (10th Cir. 2007).

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