Case: 19-11424 Date Filed: 03/12/2020 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 19-11424 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 3:08-cr-0077-MCR-EMT-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
ORESTES CABRERA,
Defendant-Appellant. ________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida ________________________
(March 12, 2020)
Before WILLIAM PRYOR, MARTIN, and JILL PRYOR, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Orestes Cabrera, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals the denials of
his motions for relief from and reconsideration of the district court’s order denying
his petition for a writ of mandamus under 28 U.S.C. § 1651(a). The government Case: 19-11424 Date Filed: 03/12/2020 Page: 2 of 7
has moved for summary affirmance and a stay of the briefing schedule. After
careful review, we grant the government’s motion.
I.
In 2008, Cabrera pled guilty to conspiracy to distribute and possess with
intent to distribute 5 kilograms or more of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C.
§§ 841(a)(1), (b)(a)(A)(ii), and 846, and possession with intent to distribute 500
grams or more of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(B)(ii).
Prior to his sentencing, Cabrera moved to withdraw his plea on the ground that it
was not knowing or voluntary. The district court denied the motion and sentenced
Cabrera to 276-months imprisonment, to be followed by 60-months supervised
release. Cabrera appealed the denial of his motion to withdraw his plea and this
Court affirmed, holding that Cabrera “knew and understood the direct
consequences of his plea[,] . . . received close assistance of counsel[,] and entered
his plea knowingly and voluntarily.” United States v. Cabrera, 367 F. App’x 78,
79–80 (11th Cir. 2010) (per curiam) (unpublished).
In 2011, Cabrera filed a 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion to vacate his sentence. He
raised three grounds for vacating his sentence, including that his guilty pleas were
not knowing and voluntary. While his motion did not make any arguments related
to Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356, 130 S. Ct. 1473 (2010), one of the many
exhibits attached to his motion was a newspaper article explaining Padilla’s
2 Case: 19-11424 Date Filed: 03/12/2020 Page: 3 of 7
holding. The district court denied and dismissed Cabrera’s motion and denied his
request for a certificate of appealability (“COA”). Cabrera sought leave to appeal
and this Court also denied him a COA. Cabrera unsuccessfully moved for relief
from judgment under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) and, subsequently, for
reconsideration. This Court denied him a COA as to both motions.
In 2017, Cabrera sought leave from this Court to file a second or successive
§ 2255 motion to vacate his sentence, arguing that his counsel was ineffective for
failing to advise him of the immigration consequences of his plea as required by
Padilla. This Court denied his application, holding that because Padilla was
decided before the filing of Cabrera’s first § 2255 motion, Cabrera failed to show
that his claims were supported by a new rule of law or newly discovered evidence.
Cabrera then petitioned the district court for a writ of mandamus under the
All Writs Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1651(a), which he argued was his only available
remedy since Padilla was not retroactive on collateral review. The district court
adopted the magistrate judge’s recommendation over Cabrera’s objection and
denied the petition for mandamus relief. This Court denied his motion for leave to
appeal in forma pauperis and then dismissed his appeal for failure to prosecute.
The Supreme Court denied his petition for a writ of certiorari.
On January 8, 2019, Cabrera filed a Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)
motion in district court seeking relief from the district court’s judgment denying
3 Case: 19-11424 Date Filed: 03/12/2020 Page: 4 of 7
his petition for a writ of mandamus. He argued that he was entitled to relief under
Padilla and that he had failed to raise this issue in his first § 2255 motion because
of his lack of understanding of the law. The district court denied his motion and
Cabrera moved for reconsideration pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
59(e). The district court denied his Rule 59(e) motion. The denials of his Rule
60(b) and Rule 59(e) motions are the orders presently on appeal before this Court.
On May 3, 2019, Cabrera filed his opening brief in this appeal. The
government moved for summary affirmance and to stay the briefing schedule on
November 8, 2019.
II.
We review the denial of post-judgment motions under Rules 59(e) and 60(b)
for abuse of discretion. Lugo v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 750 F.3d 1198, 1207
(11th Cir. 2014); Lamonica v. Safe Hurricane Shutters, Inc., 711 F.3d 1299, 1317
(11th Cir. 2013). Under this standard, we must affirm unless we find the district
court applied an incorrect legal standard, failed to follow proper procedures in
making the determination on appeal, or made clearly erroneous findings of fact.
Lugo, 750 F.3d at 1207.
III.
On appeal, Cabrera argues that relief under the All Writs Act is necessary
because he had no other remedy for obtaining relief for the alleged Padilla
4 Case: 19-11424 Date Filed: 03/12/2020 Page: 5 of 7
violation after this Court denied his request for leave to file a second or successive
§ 2255 motion. Cabrera’s appeal is frivolous and summary affirmance is
warranted. Groendyke Transp., Inc. v. Davis, 406 F.2d 1158, 1162 (5th Cir. 1969)
(holding that summary disposition is appropriate where the appeal is frivolous or
one of the parties is clearly right as a matter of law).1
First, the district court correctly denied Cabrera’s petition for a writ of
mandamus. A writ of mandamus is an extraordinary remedy which may be used to
constrain a lower court judge only in circumstances that “amount[] to a judicial
usurpation of power.” In re Coffman, 766 F.3d 1246, 1248 (11th Cir. 2014). It is
not an alternative means of challenging a criminal sentence when leave to file a
second or successive § 2255 motion has been denied. Construed liberally,
Cabrera’s petition might alternatively be read as a writ of error coram nobis under
the All Writs Act.
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Case: 19-11424 Date Filed: 03/12/2020 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 19-11424 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 3:08-cr-0077-MCR-EMT-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
ORESTES CABRERA,
Defendant-Appellant. ________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida ________________________
(March 12, 2020)
Before WILLIAM PRYOR, MARTIN, and JILL PRYOR, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Orestes Cabrera, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals the denials of
his motions for relief from and reconsideration of the district court’s order denying
his petition for a writ of mandamus under 28 U.S.C. § 1651(a). The government Case: 19-11424 Date Filed: 03/12/2020 Page: 2 of 7
has moved for summary affirmance and a stay of the briefing schedule. After
careful review, we grant the government’s motion.
I.
In 2008, Cabrera pled guilty to conspiracy to distribute and possess with
intent to distribute 5 kilograms or more of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C.
§§ 841(a)(1), (b)(a)(A)(ii), and 846, and possession with intent to distribute 500
grams or more of cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(B)(ii).
Prior to his sentencing, Cabrera moved to withdraw his plea on the ground that it
was not knowing or voluntary. The district court denied the motion and sentenced
Cabrera to 276-months imprisonment, to be followed by 60-months supervised
release. Cabrera appealed the denial of his motion to withdraw his plea and this
Court affirmed, holding that Cabrera “knew and understood the direct
consequences of his plea[,] . . . received close assistance of counsel[,] and entered
his plea knowingly and voluntarily.” United States v. Cabrera, 367 F. App’x 78,
79–80 (11th Cir. 2010) (per curiam) (unpublished).
In 2011, Cabrera filed a 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion to vacate his sentence. He
raised three grounds for vacating his sentence, including that his guilty pleas were
not knowing and voluntary. While his motion did not make any arguments related
to Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356, 130 S. Ct. 1473 (2010), one of the many
exhibits attached to his motion was a newspaper article explaining Padilla’s
2 Case: 19-11424 Date Filed: 03/12/2020 Page: 3 of 7
holding. The district court denied and dismissed Cabrera’s motion and denied his
request for a certificate of appealability (“COA”). Cabrera sought leave to appeal
and this Court also denied him a COA. Cabrera unsuccessfully moved for relief
from judgment under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) and, subsequently, for
reconsideration. This Court denied him a COA as to both motions.
In 2017, Cabrera sought leave from this Court to file a second or successive
§ 2255 motion to vacate his sentence, arguing that his counsel was ineffective for
failing to advise him of the immigration consequences of his plea as required by
Padilla. This Court denied his application, holding that because Padilla was
decided before the filing of Cabrera’s first § 2255 motion, Cabrera failed to show
that his claims were supported by a new rule of law or newly discovered evidence.
Cabrera then petitioned the district court for a writ of mandamus under the
All Writs Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1651(a), which he argued was his only available
remedy since Padilla was not retroactive on collateral review. The district court
adopted the magistrate judge’s recommendation over Cabrera’s objection and
denied the petition for mandamus relief. This Court denied his motion for leave to
appeal in forma pauperis and then dismissed his appeal for failure to prosecute.
The Supreme Court denied his petition for a writ of certiorari.
On January 8, 2019, Cabrera filed a Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)
motion in district court seeking relief from the district court’s judgment denying
3 Case: 19-11424 Date Filed: 03/12/2020 Page: 4 of 7
his petition for a writ of mandamus. He argued that he was entitled to relief under
Padilla and that he had failed to raise this issue in his first § 2255 motion because
of his lack of understanding of the law. The district court denied his motion and
Cabrera moved for reconsideration pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
59(e). The district court denied his Rule 59(e) motion. The denials of his Rule
60(b) and Rule 59(e) motions are the orders presently on appeal before this Court.
On May 3, 2019, Cabrera filed his opening brief in this appeal. The
government moved for summary affirmance and to stay the briefing schedule on
November 8, 2019.
II.
We review the denial of post-judgment motions under Rules 59(e) and 60(b)
for abuse of discretion. Lugo v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 750 F.3d 1198, 1207
(11th Cir. 2014); Lamonica v. Safe Hurricane Shutters, Inc., 711 F.3d 1299, 1317
(11th Cir. 2013). Under this standard, we must affirm unless we find the district
court applied an incorrect legal standard, failed to follow proper procedures in
making the determination on appeal, or made clearly erroneous findings of fact.
Lugo, 750 F.3d at 1207.
III.
On appeal, Cabrera argues that relief under the All Writs Act is necessary
because he had no other remedy for obtaining relief for the alleged Padilla
4 Case: 19-11424 Date Filed: 03/12/2020 Page: 5 of 7
violation after this Court denied his request for leave to file a second or successive
§ 2255 motion. Cabrera’s appeal is frivolous and summary affirmance is
warranted. Groendyke Transp., Inc. v. Davis, 406 F.2d 1158, 1162 (5th Cir. 1969)
(holding that summary disposition is appropriate where the appeal is frivolous or
one of the parties is clearly right as a matter of law).1
First, the district court correctly denied Cabrera’s petition for a writ of
mandamus. A writ of mandamus is an extraordinary remedy which may be used to
constrain a lower court judge only in circumstances that “amount[] to a judicial
usurpation of power.” In re Coffman, 766 F.3d 1246, 1248 (11th Cir. 2014). It is
not an alternative means of challenging a criminal sentence when leave to file a
second or successive § 2255 motion has been denied. Construed liberally,
Cabrera’s petition might alternatively be read as a writ of error coram nobis under
the All Writs Act. See Tannenbaum v. United States, 148 F.3d 1262, 1263 (11th
Cir. 1998) (per curiam) (holding that pro se pleadings “are held to a less stringent
standard than pleadings drafted by attorneys and will, therefore, be liberally
construed”). But this form of extraordinary relief also was not available to Cabrera
in the first instance, and so his motions for relief from judgment and
reconsideration were without merit.
1 In Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206 (11th Cir. 1981) (en banc), this Court adopted as binding precedent all decisions of the Fifth Circuit handed down prior to the close of business on September 30, 1981. Id. at 1207. 5 Case: 19-11424 Date Filed: 03/12/2020 Page: 6 of 7
Like a writ of mandamus, a writ of error coram nobis can be granted only
upon a showing that no other avenue of relief is available. See Coffman, 766 F.3d
at 1248 (mandamus); Alikhani v. United States, 200 F.3d 732, 734 (11th Cir. 2000)
(per curiam) (coram nobis). Here, Cabrera had available a motion to vacate his
sentence under § 2255, the “exclusive remedy for a federal prisoner to collaterally
attack his conviction and sentence, except in the rare cases where it is inadequate
to do so.” Antonelli v. Warden, U.S.P. Atlanta, 542 F.3d 1348, 1352 n.1 (11th Cir.
2008). Cabrera’s first § 2255 motion was denied, and this Court has denied his
application to file a second or successive § 2255 petition to raise his Padilla claim.
That Cabrera’s request to file a second or successive § 2255 petition was denied
“does not mean that no other form of relief is or was available” to him. United
States v. Adley, 783 F. App’x 914, 916 (11th Cir. 2019) (per curiam)
(unpublished); see also McCarthan v. Dir. of Goodwill Indus.-Suncoast, Inc., 851
F.3d 1076, 1086 (11th Cir. 2017) (en banc) (holding that the fact that a court might
reject a prisoner’s argument or that a procedural rule might bar its success does not
render the remedy an inadequate means by which to challenge the legality of his
sentence). As such, Cabrera was not entitled to a writ of mandamus or a writ of
error coram nobis in the first instance.
Second, Cabrera has not shown any newly discovered evidence or other
circumstance warranting reconsideration of the district court’s original order
6 Case: 19-11424 Date Filed: 03/12/2020 Page: 7 of 7
denying his petition for mandamus or coram nobis relief. The district court
therefore did not abuse its discretion by denying his Rule 60(b) and 59(e) motions.
See Hamilton v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 793 F.3d 1261, 1266–67 (11th Cir.
2015) (per curiam) (holding that a Rule 59(e) motion can be granted based only on
newly discovered evidence or manifest errors of law or fact and cannot be used to
raise arguments that could have been raised prior to the entry of judgment); Cano
v. Baker, 435 F.3d 1337, 1342 (11th Cir. 2006) (per curiam) (holding that success
on appeal from denial of relief under Rule 60(b) requires “a justification so
compelling that the district court was required to vacate its order” (alteration
adopted and quotation marks omitted)).
The government’s motion for summary affirmance is therefore GRANTED
and the district court is AFFIRMED. The government’s motion to stay the
briefing schedule is DENIED as moot.