United States v. Nathan George Dinitz

504 F.2d 854, 1974 U.S. App. LEXIS 5871

Opinions

PER CURIAM:

The court, en bane, affirms the panel opinion holding that a defendant’s motion for mistrial does not remove the bar to reprosecution when the formal mistrial motion by defendant is solely caused by an abuse of judicial discretion, which though not intended to avoid an acquittal, is so damaging to the defendant that he cannot proceed with his case and submit it to the jury then empaneled.¹ The judge’s action, taken without defendant’s provocation or consent, had the effect of depriving him of effective assistance of counsel thereby making further conduct of the trial impossible.

In order for a defendant’s motion for a mistrial to constitute a bar to a later plea of double jeopardy, some choice to proceed or start over must remain with the defendant at the time his motion is made. The dicta from United States v. Jorn, which is the foundation of the dissent,² does not encompass the extraordinary circumstances of the present case, in which judicial error alone, rather than defendant’s exercise of any option to stop or go forward, took away his “valued right to have his trial completed by a particular tribunal.”

1 . 492 F.2d 53 (5th Cir. 1974).

2 . “If that right to go to a particular tribunal is valued, it is because, independent of the threat of bad-faith conduct by judge or prosecutor, the defendant has a significant interest in the decision whether or not to take the case from the jury when circumstances occur which might be thought to warrant a declaration of mistrial. Thus, where circumstances develop not attributable to prosecutorial or judicial overreaching, a motion by the defendant for mistrial is ordinarily assumed to remove any barrier to reprosecution, even if the defendant’s motion is necessitated by pros-ecutorial or judicial error.”

400 U.S. 470, 485, 91 S.Ct. 547, 557, 27 L.Ed.2d 543, 556 (1971).