United States v. Montez Fuller

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedJanuary 5, 2009
Docket08-1187
StatusUnpublished

This text of United States v. Montez Fuller (United States v. Montez Fuller) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Montez Fuller, (7th Cir. 2009).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued December 17, 2008 Decided January 5, 2009

Before

WILLIAM J. BAUER, Circuit Judge

RICHARD A. POSNER, Circuit Judge

DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge

No. 08‐1187

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appeal from the United States District Plaintiff‐Appellee, Court for the Southern District of Illinois.

v. No. 3:06‐cr‐30117‐DRH‐1

MONTEZ L. FULLER, David R. Herndon, Defendant‐Appellant. Chief Judge.

O R D E R

Montez Fuller was convicted by a jury of armed bank robbery and of using a firearm in a crime of violence. See 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c), 2113(a), (d). On appeal he argues only that his statutory and constitutional rights to a speedy trial were violated. The delays between his arraignment and trial were excusable, however, and we affirm the judgment of the district court. No. 08‐1187 Page 2

In June 2006, Fuller participated in two bank robberies in Granite City and Alton, Illinois along with Clarence Thomas, Bonnie and Levada Brown, and Philip Bailey. Both robberies involved firearms, and in the second, shots were fired during the getaway. Bonnie Brown was arrested the day of the second robbery and implicated Fuller, who was arrested on June 19, 2006. Fuller was indicted on August 18, 2006, and on October 19, 2006, Levada Brown, who remained at large, was added to the indictment. A forfeiture count involving Fuller’s car was also added that day. Brown was eventually arrested on January 16, 2007, and arraigned the same day.

The Speedy Trial Act allows for certain continuances if they are granted to serve the “ends of justice.” See 18 U.S.C. § 3161(h)(8). The district court granted several such continuances. On October 23, 2006, the court granted Bailey’s motion to continue, finding that the ends of justice required that he be given more time to prepare for trial, and set trial for January 23, 2007. On January 8, 2007, the court granted another continuance in response to a motion made by Thomas, and found that the ends of justice demanded that the trial be delayed so that Thomas would have adequate time to prepare for trial, postponing trial until May 15, 2007. Levada Brown and Bailey later moved to continue, and on April 11, 2007, the district court granted their motion to continue, again entering an ends‐of‐justice finding, to allow Brown and Bailey more time to prepare for trial, which was reset for August 21, 2007. On May 16, the government moved to continue, because a witness was unavailable for an August 21 trial. The district court granted this final continuance and reset the trial for August 27, but did not enter an “ends of justice” finding for this six‐day delay.

Fuller moved on July 13, 2007, to dismiss the indictment with prejudice for violation of his statutory and constitutional rights to a speedy trial. The district court denied the motion on August 6, 2007.

Fuller’s trial began on August 27, 2007, and he was found guilty on August 30, 2007. In January 2008, he was sentenced to 564 months’ imprisonment, and he now appeals the district court’s denial of his motion to dismiss.

Fuller first argues that the length of time between his arraignment and his trial violated the Speedy Trial Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3161. He argues that either the explicit terms of the Act were violated by the time that elapsed, or that, even if the delays technically complied with the terms of the Act, the “spirit and purpose” of the Act were violated.

The Speedy Trial Act provides that a criminal defendant’s trial must begin within seventy days of indictment or initial appearance, whichever comes last. 18 U.S.C. § 3161(c)(1); United States v. Broadnax, 536 F.3d 695, 697 (7th Cir. 2008). But some delays may be excluded from the No. 08‐1187 Page 3

time for a speedy trial, including delays resulting from the need to indict a codefendant, and delays resulting from motions filed by defendants. See § 3161(h)(1)(F); United States v. Rollins, 544 F.3d 820, 829 (7th Cir. 2008). When a district court excludes time from the 70‐day limit, it must state its reasons for finding that the “ends of justice” are served by the delay, and that those ends outweigh the interests of the defendant and the public in a speedy trial. 18 U.S.C. § 3161(h)(1); United States v. Broadnax, 536 F.3d at 698. Where calculation of time is an issue, our review is de novo. United States v. Parker, 508 F.3d 434, 438 (7th Cir. 2007).

The district court was correct that Fuller’s speedy trial clock did not run out—in fact only six days ran on Fuller’s Speedy Trial clock. The clock does not begin to run until the initial appearance of the last codefendant. United States v. Farmer, 543 F.3d 363, 368 (7th Cir. 2008). So Fuller’s clock began to run when his last codefendant, Levada Brown, was arrested and arraigned on January 16, 2007. The time between January 16 and May 15 is excluded from the calculation because a motion to continue had already been granted, with appropriate ends‐of‐ justice findings, that pushed back the trial to May 15, 2007. On April 11, 2007, while the clock was still tolled, the district court granted another motion to continue, this time by Fuller’s codefendants Brown and Bailey. The district court again made an ends‐of‐justice finding and reset the trial date to August 21, 2007. The delays prior to August 21, 2007, are excluded from the calculation, then, because continuances granted to codefendants to serve the ends of justice do not count against the clock. See § 3161(h)(8); United States v. Larson, 417 F.3d 741, 745 (7th Cir. 2005). Only the continuance requested by the government pushing the trial one week further back, to August 27, 2007, was granted without an ends‐of‐justice finding, and that continuance resulted in six untolled days running on the clock.

Fuller argues that his clock began to run earlier, before Brown’s arraignment, and urges us to start calculating from the date of his, Fuller’s, original indictment. He argues that the superseding indictment that charged Brown and added a forfeiture count should be dismissed because, he says, the government unnecessarily delayed indicting Brown and adding the forfeiture count in violation of § 3161(b). To that end, Fuller cites a district court case from California, United States v. Van Brandy, 563 F.Supp. 438, 440 (S.D. Cal. 1983), which found that the government’s delay in waiting until the eve of trial to file a superseding indictment adversely affected the orderly proceeding of the trial. We have previously distinguished Van Brandy, see United States v. Hemmings, 258 F.3d 587, 592‐93 (7th Cir. 2001), and do so again in this case.

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Bluebook (online)
United States v. Montez Fuller, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-montez-fuller-ca7-2009.