United States v. Martin

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
DecidedMay 6, 2002
Docket00-6266
StatusPublished

This text of United States v. Martin (United States v. Martin) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Martin, (6th Cir. 2002).

Opinion

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH 

(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS

81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 )257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

81,7(' 67$7(6 2) $0(5,&$ ; 3ODLQWLII$SSHOODQW    1R Y  !  7,027+< 0$57,1  'HIHQGDQW$SSHOOHH  1 $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW IRUWKH(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI.HQWXFN\DW&RYLQJWRQ 1Rn.DUO6)RUHVWHU&KLHI'LVWULFWsXGJH 6XEPLWWHG)HEUXDU\ 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG0D\ %HIRUH0$57,1&KLHI&LUFXLWsXGJH*,/0$1&LUFXLW sXGJH('081'6'LVWULFWsXGJH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB &2816(/ 21%5,()&KDUOHV3:LVGRPsU$66,67$1781,7(' 67$7(6 $77251(< /H[LQJWRQ .HQWXFN\ /DXUD . 9RRUKHHV $66,67$17 81,7(' 67$7(6 $77251(<

7KH +RQRUDEOH 1DQF\ * (GPXQGV 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW sXGJH IRU WKH (DVWHUQ 'LVWULFW RI 0LFKLJDQ VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ

  8QLWHG6WDWHVY0DUWLQ 1R

&RYLQJWRQ.HQWXFN\IRU$SSHOODQWsDPHV6WHSKHQ6PLWK =,(*/(5  6&+1(,'(5 &RYLQJWRQ .HQWXFN\ IRU $SSHOOHH ('081'6'sGHOLYHUHGWKHRSLQLRQRIWKHFRXUWLQ ZKLFK *,/0$1 s MRLQHG  0$57,1 & s SS   GHOLYHUHGDVHSDUDWHGLVVHQWLQJRSLQLRQ BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 23,1,21 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 1$1&<*('081'6'LVWULFWsXGJH7KH8QLWHG6WDWHV DSSHDOV WKH GLVWULFW FRXUWjV UXOLQJ WR VXSSUHVV D KDQGJXQ VHL]HGGXULQJDFDUVWRS)RUWKHUHDVRQVVWDWHGEHORZWKLV SDQHO5(9(56(6DQG5(0$1'6 ,%$&.*5281' 2QsDQXDU\DWDSSUR[LPDWHO\SPRIILFHUV :LOOLDP 0DXUHU DQG *UHJRU\ sRQHV RI WKH &RYLQJWRQ .HQWXFN\SROLFHGHSDUWPHQWZHUHWUDYHOLQJLQDQXQGHUFRYHU SROLFHFDURQ(DVWWK6WUHHWLQ&RYLQJWRQ.HQWXFN\7KH\ REVHUYHGDZRPDQ9LUJLQLD:DJRQHU m:DJRQHUl HQWHUD YHKLFOH GULYHQ E\ 'HIHQGDQW$SSHOOHH 7LPRWK\ 0DUWLQ m0DUWLQl 7KHRIILFHUVWHVWLILHGWKDWWKH\LQLWLDOO\REVHUYHG :DJRQHUHLWKHUVWDQGLQJRUVORZO\ZDONLQJRXWVLGHZHDULQJ QRWKLQJPRUHWKDQMHDQVDQGDVKRUWVOHHYHGVKLUWVKHZDV ORFDWHGLQIURQWRIDSDUNLQJORWFDUU\LQJQRWKLQJH[FHSWD FLJDUHWWH$FFRUGLQJWRWKHRIILFHUVWKHIDFWWKDW:DJRQHU ZDVQRWFDUU\LQJDSXUVHZDVVLJQLILFDQWEHFDXVHSURVWLWXWHV JHQHUDOO\GRQRWFDUU\SXUVHV7KH\DOVRWHVWLILHGWKDWWKH\ EHOLHYHG:DJRQHUKDGEHHQDUUHVWHGRQSURVWLWXWLRQFKDUJHV LQWKHSDVW

 7KH HYHQLQJjV ZHDWKHU ZDV GHVFULEHG E\ WKH RIILFHUV DV mFRROl EXW QRW mFROGl &RYLQJWRQ .HQWXFN\ ZDV H[SHULHQFLQJ D mPLOGl ZLQWHU  8QLWHG6WDWHVY0DUWLQ 1R 1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVY0DUWLQ 

ZDYHFRPELQHGZLWKWKHQDWXUHRIWKHQHLJKERUKRRGWKHLU 7KH RIILFHUV FKDUDFWHUL]HG WKH DUHD DV RQH NQRZQ IRU EHOLHIDERXW:DJRQHUjVSULRUDUUHVWDQG:DJRQHUjVIDLOXUHWR SURVWLWXWLRQ ZKHUH SROLFH URXWLQHO\ FRQGXFW XQGHUFRYHU FDUU\DSXUVHMXVWLILHGWKHLUVWRSRI:DJRQHU7KHXQGHUO\LQJ SURVWLWXWLRQ LQYHVWLJDWLRQV  $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH RIILFHUV IDFWV VLPSO\ OHDYH WRR PXFK WR VSHFXODWLRQ DERXW ZKHWKHU :DJRQHU H[WHQGHG KHU ULJKW KDQG mDERXW ZDLVW KLJKl DQG :DJRQHUZDVHQJDJHGLQORLWHULQJIRUSURVWLWXWLRQSXUSRVHVLQ ZDYHG DW 0DUWLQjV YHKLFOH LQ D PDQQHU WKDW WKH RIILFHUV WKLV SDUWLFXODU LQVWDQFH  3HUKDSV LI WKH SROLFH RIILFHUV KDG UHFRJQL]HGWREHDSURVWLWXWHjVKDLOLQJRIDSURVSHFWLYHsRKQ FRQWLQXHGWRREVHUYH:DJRQHUWKH\PLJKW KDYHZLWQHVVHG :DJRQHUWKHQHQWHUHG0DUWLQjVYHKLFOHDQGWKHWZRSURFHHGHG DGGLWLRQDO IDFWRUV WKDW ZRXOG KDYH VXSSOLHG WKH QHFHVVDU\ WRGULYHRII%DVHGXSRQWKHVHIDFWVWKHRIILFHUVVXVSHFWHG VXVSLFLRQ EXW XQGHU WKH SUHVHQW FLUFXPVWDQFHV , GR QRW WKDW:DJRQHUZDVORLWHULQJIRUSURVWLWXWLRQSXUSRVHVVRWKH\ EHOLHYHWKHSROLFHRIILFHUVFRXOGSHUPLVVLEO\VWRS:DJRQHU UHTXHVWHGWKDWRIILFHU*HQH1HDOZKRZDVORFDWHGKHUHE\LQ $FFRUGLQJO\,ZRXOGDIILUPWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWjVGHFLVLRQ DPDUNHGSROLFHFUXLVHUVWRS0DUWLQjVYHKLFOH $IWHU1HDOPDGHWKHVWRS0DXUHUUHPRYHG:DJRQHUIURP WKHYHKLFOHDQGLQWHUURJDWHGKHUDVWKH\VWRRGRQWKHVLGHZDON :DJRQHUWROG0DXUHUWKDWVKHKDGPHW0DUWLQNQRZQWRKHU RQO\E\KLVILUVWQDPHDWKHUEURWKHUjVKRXVHDSSUR[LPDWHO\ RQH \HDU HDUOLHU  6KH DOVR DGPLWWHG WKDW VKH KDG SULRU FRQYLFWLRQV IRU SURVWLWXWLRQ DQG IRU SRVVHVVLRQ RI FRFDLQH 0DXUHUWKHQLQWHUURJDWHG0DUWLQZKRWROGKLPWKDWKHKDG NQRZQ:DJRQHUIRUWZRPRQWKVDQGWKDWKHKDGPHWKHURQ RQHRIKLVZDONVLQWKHDUHD7KHRIILFHUVWHVWLILHGWKDW0DUWLQ FRXOGQRWWHOOWKHP:DJRQHUjVQDPH :KLOH 0DXUHU ZDV TXHVWLRQLQJ 0DUWLQ RIILFHU sRQHV REWDLQHG FRQVHQW IURP :DJRQHU WR VHDUFK KHU SHUVRQ DW ZKLFK WLPH KH GLVFRYHUHG D FRQGRP LQ KHU SRFNHW  $IWHU 0DXUHU DQG s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

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
United States v. Martin, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-martin-ca6-2002.