United States v. Kenneth Steward

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedApril 29, 2013
Docket11-3035
StatusUnpublished

This text of United States v. Kenneth Steward (United States v. Kenneth Steward) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Kenneth Steward, (7th Cir. 2013).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued August 7, 2012 Decided April 29, 2013

Before

RICHARD A. POSNER, Circuit Judge

JOHN DANIEL TINDER, Circuit Judge

DAVID F. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge

No. 11‐3035 Appeal from the United States District UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Plaintiff‐Appellee, Eastern Division.

v. No. 10 CR 601‐1

KENNETH STEWARD, George W. Lindberg, Defendant‐Appellant. Judge.

O R D E R

From 2004 until 2008, Kenneth Steward participated in a scheme that induced lenders to issue millions of dollars in mortgage loans based on fraudulent loan applications. He was charged with a total of 16 counts of mail, wire, and bank fraud, and pleaded guilty to each. The district judge imposed 16 concurrent 210‐month sentences. Steward challenges two aspects of his sentence on appeal: He first argues that the district court erred in enhancing his offense level for obstructing justice after concluding that he committed perjury, U.S.S.G. § 3C1.1, because the court did not find that the three elements of perjury were present. Second, he contends that the court did not sentence him based on the factors in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) and that it inappropriately relied on his past arrests. Because the record reflects that any error by the district court in Appeal No. 11‐3035 Page 2 enhancing Steward’s sentence for obstructing justice was harmless, and the court properly considered the factors under § 3553(a), we affirm.

According to evidence that the government compiled, Steward ran several real estate development and construction companies, including Jireh Development Corporation, Jireh Construction, and Jireh Real Estate Development. After finding people who wanted to purchase property (or recruiting them to pose as buyers), he then used these companies to produce documents that falsely qualified the buyers as purchasers; for instance, the paperwork falsely stated that the buyers worked for the companies and included falsified W‐2 and earnings statements. Steward also purchased counterfeit forms on their behalf, including false pay stubs and bank statements. After compiling these fake documents, he submitted the finished loan applications to loan officers who also participated in the fraud. After the unsuspecting banks issued the mortgages, Steward and others received kickbacks.

Two years before sentencing, Steward appeared before a grand jury investigating the fraud. He denied significant involvement with the Jireh companies, including ever holding a position as an officer or director. Instead, he testified that he “was an independent contractor at one time.” When the prosecutor asked him to further explain, he said: “[L]ike any water service, salting service, things like that, anything I had to do for the corporation, then I would be – I would be the independent contractor. Basically, I was never an employee or an officer of the corporation.”

Steward entered a guilty plea in June 2011 without any deal with the government, and he admitted how he used the Jireh companies to carry out his scheme. Before sentencing, the probation office calculated a total offense level that incorporated a 2‐level enhancement for obstruction of justice based on the probation officer’s conclusion that, in light of the evidence, Steward committed perjury before the grand jury. To arrive at this obstruction enhancement, the probation officer wrote (and the district court would later adopt by reference) that Steward committed perjury by falsely testifying that he was only an “independent contractor” for the Jireh companies:

Pursuant to Application Note 4(B), an example of conduct that qualifies as obstruction is committing perjury. The defendant testified, before a grand jury, he was never an employee or officer of Jireh. The evidence supports that the defendant owned and operated Jireh for the purpose of the offense. Therefore, the two‐level enhancement is applicable.

Attached to the PSR were written statements from co‐defendants explaining that Steward owned and operated Jireh Development. The PSR also included a number of other attachments, including Bank of America debit‐card applications and checking‐account statements for accounts held by Jireh Development Corporation. Two of these applications bore Steward’s Appeal No. 11‐3035 Page 3 signature and listed his title as “president.” One of the checking‐account statements expressly lists the name of the account as “Jireh Development Corporation DBA Kenneth J Steward.” With the obstruction enhancement, Steward’s total offense level was calculated at 37 and his criminal history category at I, yielding a recommended guidelines range of 210 to 262 months.

In his sentencing memorandum and at his sentencing hearing, Steward challenged the PSR’s recommended obstruction enhancement. He primarily contended that his statements before the grand jury were the result of confusion or mistake. He also challenged the importance of the debit‐card applications included with the PSR, arguing that the government had not proven that he signed or submitted the documents. To refute that he was president of the Jireh companies, he argued that records from the Illinois Secretary of State’s website listed other people, and not Steward, as the president or agent of Jireh Development Corporation, Jireh Construction, Inc., Jireh Construction, LLC, and Jireh Redevelopment Company.

In response to Steward’s renewed objection at the sentencing hearing, the government proffered a “HUD‐1 settlement statement for a property sold by Jireh Development.” It explained that Steward signed the document as the “President and Secretary/Treasurer” of Jireh Development. The government also explained that one of the persons listed as the president of Jireh Development Corporation on the Secretary of State’s website—a man named Kenneth Washington—had pleaded guilty to participating in a different mortgage‐fraud scheme and was incarcerated during a portion of the time that Steward used Jireh Development to carry out his crime.

The district court agreed with the PSR’s recommended enhancement for obstruction of justice, and after also adopting the remainder of the PSR, sentenced Steward to 210 months’ imprisonment, the bottom of his guidelines range. To justify the obstruction enhancement, the court adopted the probation officer’s rationale, stating: “[A]s described in Lines 318 and 324 [of the PSR], which the Court accepts, you have obstructed justice by, as counsel just mentioned, committing perjury before the grand jury, for an enhancement of two levels.” Sent. Tr. 20. Government counsel had just asserted that “it is ridiculous for this defendant to argue that he did not lie to the grand jury. Based on the grand jury exhibits, [he] has represented all over the place that he was the President and owner of Jireh Development.” Id. at 16. Counsel added that Steward “owned and operated Jireh Development and, then, lied about that to the grand jury. There was no confusion. It was simply a lie.” Id. at 17‐18. Then, while denying a reduction for acceptance of responsibility, the district judge repeated that Steward “obstructed justice by committing perjury in testimony before the grand jury – which the Court just found.” Id. at 20. The court then proceeded to consider the sentencing factors provided at 18 U.S.C. § 3553

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Bluebook (online)
United States v. Kenneth Steward, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-kenneth-steward-ca7-2013.