20-3001-cr United States v. Kantor
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT'S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION "SUMMARY ORDER"). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 26th day of April, two thousand twenty-one.
PRESENT: JOHN M. WALKER, JR., DENNY CHIN, Circuit Judges, PAUL A. ENGELMAYER, District Judge. * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -x
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appellee,
-v- 20-3001-cr
BLAKE KANTOR, AKA BILL GORDON, Defendant-Appellant.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -x
* Judge Paul A. Engelmayer, of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation. FOR APPELLEE: BRADLEY T. KING, Assistant United States Attorney (Saritha Komatireddy, Assistant United States Attorney, on the brief), for Mark J. Lesko, United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, New York.
FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT: JONATHAN I. EDELSTEIN, Edelstein & Grossman, New York, New York, and Hanna Liebman Dershowitz, New York, New York. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of
New York (Feuerstein, J.).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND
DECREED that the orders of the district court are AFFIRMED.
Defendant-appellant Blake Kantor appeals orders of the district court
denying his motion for compassionate release under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A) and his
motion for reargument. Kantor, who is incarcerated at FCI Otisville, argued that his
medical conditions and the risk of contracting COVID-19 constituted extraordinary and
compelling reasons warranting a sentence reduction. On appeal, Kantor argues that the
district court abused its discretion in denying his motion. We assume the parties'
familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues
on appeal.
From 2014 to 2017, Kantor and co-conspirators engaged in a scheme
involving computer software and cryptocurrency to defraud investors of at least
2 $1.5 million. To hide the scheme, Kantor wired investors' funds into bank accounts in
Saint Kitts and Nevis. After meeting with FBI agents, Kantor instructed his co-
conspirator to alter customer lists and lied to the government about his involvement in
the industry in question.
During home confinement following his arrest, Kantor violated the
conditions of his bail by using cocaine and attempting to communicate with a co-
conspirator. Kantor pled guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud, and on August 1,
2019, he was sentenced to 86 months' imprisonment. He surrendered to federal custody
on September 16, 2019 and is scheduled to be released on October 22, 2025. Kantor was
also previously convicted of drug trafficking.
On April 11, 2020, Kantor's counsel submitted a request for compassionate
release to the warden of FCI Otisville, which the warden denied on April 22, 2020. On
May 26, 2020, Kantor moved in the district court for compassionate release under
18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A). The district court orally denied the motion at a telephonic
hearing on June 11, 2020. Kantor then moved for reargument, contending that his risk
of severe illness from COVID-19 increased due to a new outbreak at Federal
Correctional Institution Otisville and that updated CDC guidelines placed him, with a
body mass index of at least 31.7, into the high-risk category. The district court orally
3 denied the motion for reargument at a telephonic hearing on July 27, 2020. 1 This appeal
followed. 2
"We typically review the denial of a motion for a discretionary sentence
reduction for abuse of discretion." United States v. Holloway, 956 F.3d 660, 664 (2d Cir.
2020). "[A] district court has abused its discretion if it based its ruling on an erroneous
view of the law or on a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence, or rendered a
decision that cannot be located within the range of permissible decisions." United States
v. Borden, 564 F.3d 100, 104 (2d Cir. 2009).
A district court may reduce a sentence if it finds that "extraordinary and
compelling reasons warrant such a reduction." 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i). The district
court has broad discretion in determining what constitutes an extraordinary and
compelling reason. See United States v. Brooker, 976 F.3d 228, 237 (2d Cir. 2020). A
district court may reduce a sentence, however, only "after considering the factors set
1 The district court did not enter written or text orders following its oral rulings. Kantor's notice of appeal refers only to the July 27, 2020 ruling, but we construe it to cover both the July 11, 2020 and July 27, 2020 orders denying compassionate release.
2 Kantor's appeal may be untimely, as he filed his notice for appeal on August 25, 2020, more than fourteen days after the July 27, 2020 decision, without moving for an extension. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(b)(1)(A), (4). Because the government did not address the issue and opposed the appeal only on the merits, we hold that any objection to timeliness is forfeited. See United States v. Frias, 521 F.3d 229, 231 (2d Cir. 2008) ("We conclude that the time limits of Rule 4(b) are not jurisdictional and are therefore capable of forfeiture by the government.").
4 forth in section 3553(a) to the extent they are applicable," 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A),
which include: the nature and circumstances of the offense; the defendant's history and
characteristics; the need for the sentence to reflect the seriousness of the offense, to
promote respect for the law, to provide just punishment for the offense, to afford
adequate deterrence to criminal conduct, and to provide the defendant with needed
medical care; and the need to avoid unwarranted disparities in sentences, see id.
§ 3553(a).
We conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying
Kantor's motion. The record shows that the district court considered all the relevant
facts and circumstances, including the statutory factors, in concluding that Kantor --
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20-3001-cr United States v. Kantor
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT'S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION "SUMMARY ORDER"). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 26th day of April, two thousand twenty-one.
PRESENT: JOHN M. WALKER, JR., DENNY CHIN, Circuit Judges, PAUL A. ENGELMAYER, District Judge. * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -x
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appellee,
-v- 20-3001-cr
BLAKE KANTOR, AKA BILL GORDON, Defendant-Appellant.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -x
* Judge Paul A. Engelmayer, of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation. FOR APPELLEE: BRADLEY T. KING, Assistant United States Attorney (Saritha Komatireddy, Assistant United States Attorney, on the brief), for Mark J. Lesko, United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, New York.
FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT: JONATHAN I. EDELSTEIN, Edelstein & Grossman, New York, New York, and Hanna Liebman Dershowitz, New York, New York. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of
New York (Feuerstein, J.).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND
DECREED that the orders of the district court are AFFIRMED.
Defendant-appellant Blake Kantor appeals orders of the district court
denying his motion for compassionate release under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A) and his
motion for reargument. Kantor, who is incarcerated at FCI Otisville, argued that his
medical conditions and the risk of contracting COVID-19 constituted extraordinary and
compelling reasons warranting a sentence reduction. On appeal, Kantor argues that the
district court abused its discretion in denying his motion. We assume the parties'
familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues
on appeal.
From 2014 to 2017, Kantor and co-conspirators engaged in a scheme
involving computer software and cryptocurrency to defraud investors of at least
2 $1.5 million. To hide the scheme, Kantor wired investors' funds into bank accounts in
Saint Kitts and Nevis. After meeting with FBI agents, Kantor instructed his co-
conspirator to alter customer lists and lied to the government about his involvement in
the industry in question.
During home confinement following his arrest, Kantor violated the
conditions of his bail by using cocaine and attempting to communicate with a co-
conspirator. Kantor pled guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud, and on August 1,
2019, he was sentenced to 86 months' imprisonment. He surrendered to federal custody
on September 16, 2019 and is scheduled to be released on October 22, 2025. Kantor was
also previously convicted of drug trafficking.
On April 11, 2020, Kantor's counsel submitted a request for compassionate
release to the warden of FCI Otisville, which the warden denied on April 22, 2020. On
May 26, 2020, Kantor moved in the district court for compassionate release under
18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A). The district court orally denied the motion at a telephonic
hearing on June 11, 2020. Kantor then moved for reargument, contending that his risk
of severe illness from COVID-19 increased due to a new outbreak at Federal
Correctional Institution Otisville and that updated CDC guidelines placed him, with a
body mass index of at least 31.7, into the high-risk category. The district court orally
3 denied the motion for reargument at a telephonic hearing on July 27, 2020. 1 This appeal
followed. 2
"We typically review the denial of a motion for a discretionary sentence
reduction for abuse of discretion." United States v. Holloway, 956 F.3d 660, 664 (2d Cir.
2020). "[A] district court has abused its discretion if it based its ruling on an erroneous
view of the law or on a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence, or rendered a
decision that cannot be located within the range of permissible decisions." United States
v. Borden, 564 F.3d 100, 104 (2d Cir. 2009).
A district court may reduce a sentence if it finds that "extraordinary and
compelling reasons warrant such a reduction." 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i). The district
court has broad discretion in determining what constitutes an extraordinary and
compelling reason. See United States v. Brooker, 976 F.3d 228, 237 (2d Cir. 2020). A
district court may reduce a sentence, however, only "after considering the factors set
1 The district court did not enter written or text orders following its oral rulings. Kantor's notice of appeal refers only to the July 27, 2020 ruling, but we construe it to cover both the July 11, 2020 and July 27, 2020 orders denying compassionate release.
2 Kantor's appeal may be untimely, as he filed his notice for appeal on August 25, 2020, more than fourteen days after the July 27, 2020 decision, without moving for an extension. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(b)(1)(A), (4). Because the government did not address the issue and opposed the appeal only on the merits, we hold that any objection to timeliness is forfeited. See United States v. Frias, 521 F.3d 229, 231 (2d Cir. 2008) ("We conclude that the time limits of Rule 4(b) are not jurisdictional and are therefore capable of forfeiture by the government.").
4 forth in section 3553(a) to the extent they are applicable," 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A),
which include: the nature and circumstances of the offense; the defendant's history and
characteristics; the need for the sentence to reflect the seriousness of the offense, to
promote respect for the law, to provide just punishment for the offense, to afford
adequate deterrence to criminal conduct, and to provide the defendant with needed
medical care; and the need to avoid unwarranted disparities in sentences, see id.
§ 3553(a).
We conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying
Kantor's motion. The record shows that the district court considered all the relevant
facts and circumstances, including the statutory factors, in concluding that Kantor --
who was 45 years old and had served less than two years of his 86-month sentence
imposed for defrauding victims of more than $1.5 million -- had not demonstrated
extraordinary and compelling circumstances warranting release. Indeed, the record
makes clear that the district court considered the nature and circumstances of the
offense, Kantor's history and characteristics, and the need for the sentence to adequately
deter criminal conduct. The district court also found that "at the time that [Kantor] was
previously released he did not comply with the restrictions and the prohibition and so
forth" and that his previous incarceration "did not dissuade him from engaging in
further criminal activity." Appellant's App'x at 187. The district court also found that
Kantor has "not actually served very much at all of the sentence that [it] imposed" and
5 that the reasons stated at Kantor's sentencing were still a "sound basis for the sentence
imposed." Appellant's App'x at 186-87. Hence, the district court carefully weighed the
§ 3553(a) factors in determining that early release was not warranted.
Kantor relies on Brooker, which was decided after the district court's
orders, to argue that the district court abused its discretion by adhering too closely to
the Sentencing Commission policy statements and the Bureau of Prisons (the "BOP")
policies. We are not persuaded, for the district court did not indicate that it was
constrained by the Sentencing Commission's or BOP's policies; rather it observed that it
did not see "any reason" to reduce Kantor's sentence. Appellant's App'x 186.
Kantor also argues that the district court erred in considering the § 3553(a)
factors only as they existed at the time of sentencing and failed to assess the factors
against the extraordinary and compelling reasons warranting release. The § 3553(a)
factors, however, require courts to consider how the sentence reflects the seriousness of
the offense, promotes respect for the law, provides just punishment, and adequately
deters criminal conduct. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). Thus, courts regularly consider how
compassionate release would alter the aims of the original sentence. See, e.g., United
States v. Madoff, 465 F. Supp. 3d 343, 350-52 (S.D.N.Y. 2020) (denying compassionate
relief in part because it would undermine the aims of the court's original sentence).
That inquiry often involves assessing the proportion of a defendant's stated sentence yet
to be served. Because the original sentence ""reflects the sentencing judge's view of the
6 § 3553(a) factors at the time of sentencing, the time remaining in that sentence may --
along with [other factors] -- inform whether immediate release would be consistent
with those factors."" United States v. Pawlowski, 967 F.3d 327, 330–31 (3d Cir. 2020)
(affirming denial of compassionate release where defendant had served only two years
of fifteen-year sentence and collecting cases decided on similar grounds); see also, e.g.,
United States v. Danilovich, No. 12 Cr. 171 (JPO), 2020 WL 3642246, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. July 6,
2020) (denying compassionate release under § 3553(a) because defendant was "just four
years into a 25-year sentence" for fraud); United States v. Hope, 464 F. Supp. 3d 646, 651
(S.D.N.Y. 2020) (same where defendant had "served merely a quarter of his 216-month"
sentence); United States v. Nissen, No. 17 Cr. 477 (PAE), 2020 WL 2614825, at *3 (S.D.N.Y.
May 22, 2020) (same where defendant convicted of fraud had served only seven months
of a twenty-seven month sentence). Moreover, as discussed above, the district court
also considered the circumstances pending when the motion for compassionate release
was made.
* * *
We have considered Kantor's remaining arguments and conclude they are
without merit. For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the orders of the district court.
FOR THE COURT: Catherine O'Hagan Wolfe, Clerk