United States v. Gabriel Hakeem Lee

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
• Decided: July 11, 2025
• Docket: 23-11977
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

USCA11 Case: 23-11975 Document: 42-1 Date Filed: 07/11/2025 Page: 1 of 7

[DO NOT PUBLISH] In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit

____________________

No. 23-11975 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus GABRIEL HAKEEM LEE,

Defendant-Appellant.

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama D.C. Docket No. 2:22-cr-00091-ECM-CWB-3 ____________________ USCA11 Case: 23-11975 Document: 42-1 Date Filed: 07/11/2025 Page: 2 of 7

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No. 23-11977 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, versus GABRIEL HAKEEM LEE, a.k.a. Gabe, a.k.a. Big Blood, a.k.a. B Blood,

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama D.C. Docket No. 2:12-cr-00131-ECM-CWB-1 ____________________

Before LUCK, BRASHER, and ABUDU, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: USCA11 Case: 23-11975 Document: 42-1 Date Filed: 07/11/2025 Page: 3 of 7

23-11975 Opinion of the Court 3

This consolidated appeal arises from Gabriel Hakeem Lee’s conviction for distributing 50 grams or more of methamphetamine along with his supervised release revocation stemming from that offense. Lee appeals his substantive drug sentence as well as his supervised release revocation and sentence. This consolidated ap- peal requires us to decide two issues: (1) whether the record reveals any arguable issues of merit to support Lee’s appeal of his super- vised release revocation and sentence pursuant to Anders v. Califor- nia, 386 U.S. 738 (1967); and (2) the legal effect of the district court’s order purporting to reduce Lee’s sentence on his substantive drug conviction while his direct appeal of that sentence was already pending. We address each in turn. The Pending Anders Motion Several months after filing these appeals, Lee’s appointed counsel, Thomas M. Goggans, moved to withdraw from both and submitted a consolidated Anders brief as required. We denied Gog- gan’s Anders motion as to Lee’s appeal of his substantive drug sen- tence and ordered merits briefing as to whether part A of Amend- ment 821 to the sentencing guidelines retroactively lowered Lee’s criminal history category and guideline range. But Goggans’s An- ders motion as to Lee’s supervised-release-revocation appeal re- mains pending. As to the pending Anders motion, our independent review of the entire record reveals that counsel’s assessment of the relative merit of Lee’s appeal from his supervised release revocation and sentence is correct. See Anders, 386 U.S. at 744. Because USCA11 Case: 23-11975 Document: 42-1 Date Filed: 07/11/2025 Page: 4 of 7

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independent examination of the entire record reveals no arguable issues of merit, counsel’s motion to withdraw from that appeal is GRANTED, and Lee’s supervised release revocation and sentence are AFFIRMED. The Sentence Reduction Order We now turn to Lee’s appeal of his substantive drug convic- tion and sentence. After that appeal was already filed and after Goggans had already moved to withdraw from it, Lee filed a pro se motion for appointment of counsel in the district court. In that motion, Lee argued Goggans had failed to pursue Lee’s direct ap- peal seeking relief to which he was entitled based upon the appli- cable retroactive amendment to the sentencing guidelines. Specif- ically, Lee argued that the district court erred by adding two levels to his criminal history score because he was on probation at the time of the underlying drug offense. Lee further argued appointed counsel’s failure to pursue Lee’s appeal “was ineffective” and re- quested assistance of counsel to pursue the two-level sentence re- duction pursuant to the retroactive amendment. The following day, the district court construed Lee’s motion as “seeking a sentence reduction pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) based on Amendment 821” to the guidelines and referred the mo- tion to a screening panel for a recommendation. A few months later—and on the same day we denied Goggans’s substantive-con- viction Anders motion and ordered briefing as to that appeal—the district court entered an order purporting to (1) grant Lee’s motion for a sentence reduction pursuant to section 3582(c)(2) and USCA11 Case: 23-11975 Document: 42-1 Date Filed: 07/11/2025 Page: 5 of 7

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(2) reduce Lee’s sentence from 121 months’ imprisonment to 108 months’ imprisonment. A “notice of appeal acts to divest the trial court of jurisdic- tion over the matters at issue in the appeal, except to the extent that the trial court must act in aid of the appeal.” Shewchun v. United States, 797 F.2d 941, 942 (11th Cir. 1986); see also United States v. To- var-Rico, 61 F.3d 1529, 1532 (11th Cir. 1995) (“A federal district court and a federal court of appeals should not attempt to assert jurisdic- tion over a case simultaneously. The filing of a notice of appeal is an event of jurisdictional significance—it confers jurisdiction on the court of appeals and divests the district court of its control over the aspects of the case involved in the appeal.” (alteration adopted and citations omitted)). Thus, “it is settled that during the pen- dency of an appeal the trial court is without authority to modify a sentence meted out after final judgment.” Shewchun, 797 F.2d at 942. When a district court confronts a motion for relief that it lacks authority to grant because of a pending appeal, it has three options. The district court may (1) defer ruling, (2) deny the re- quested relief, or (3) “state either that it would grant the motion if the court of appeals remands for that purpose or that the motion raises a substantial issue”—a procedure called an indicative ruling. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 37(a); see also Fed. R. App. P. 12.1(b) (setting forth procedure for remand following an indicative ruling and ex- plaining that,“[i]f the district court states that it would grant the motion or that the motion raises a substantial issue, the court of USCA11 Case: 23-11975 Document: 42-1 Date Filed: 07/11/2025 Page: 6 of 7

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appeals may remand for further proceedings but retains jurisdic- tion unless it expressly dismisses the appeal.”). Lee argues we should treat the district court’s order as an indicative ruling that it would reduce Lee’s sentence under section 3582(c)(2). Lee further argues that we should order a limited re- mand to allow the district court to do so. The government agrees that Lee is entitled to a sentence reduction pursuant to Amend- ment 821 and further agrees that limited remand here is proper. We agree with the parties. The district court lacked authority to reduce Lee’s sentence under section 3582(c)(2) because his direct appeal from that judg- ment was already pending before this Court. Indeed, review of the record indicates that Lee’s substantive-offense appeal was pending for over seven months prior to the district court’s order purporting to reduce his sentence on Lee’s substantive drug conviction. Be- cause the notice of appeal “divest[ed] the trial court of jurisdiction over the matters at issue in the appeal,” Shewchun, 797 F.2d at 942, the district court lacked authority to reduce Lee’s sentence. Nev- ertheless, the district court made clear its intent to grant Lee’s re- quested sentence reduction, so we treat its order as an indicative ruling that it would reduce Lee’s sentence under section 3582(c)(2) if we were to order a limited remand. Accordingly, Lee’s appeal of his substantive drug sentence is REMANDED for the limited purpose of allowing the district court to enter an order regarding Lee’s entitlement to relief under section 3582(c)(2). See Fed. R. App. P. 12.1(b) (“If the district court states USCA11 Case: 23-11975 Document: 42-1 Date Filed: 07/11/2025 Page: 7 of 7

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that it would grant the motion or that the motion raises a substan- tial issue, the court of appeals may remand for further proceedings but retains jurisdiction unless it expressly dismisses the appeal.”). Once the district court has issued its ruling, it shall return the sup- plemented record to this Court for proper consideration of the ap- peal.