United States v. Fagan

58 M.J. 534, 2003 CCA LEXIS 51, 2003 WL 726432
CourtArmy Court of Criminal Appeals
DecidedFebruary 26, 2003
DocketARMY 20000891
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 58 M.J. 534 (United States v. Fagan) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Army Court of Criminal Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Fagan, 58 M.J. 534, 2003 CCA LEXIS 51, 2003 WL 726432 (acca 2003).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

CARTER, Judge:

A military judge sitting as a general court-marital convicted appellant, pursuant to his pleas, of wrongful use of marijuana, wrongful distribution of marijuana (three specifications), larceny (three specifications), and forgery (three specifications), in violation of Articles 112a, 121, and 123, Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10 U.S.C. §§ 912a, 921, and 923 [hereinafter UCMJ]. Appellant was sentenced to a dishonorable discharge, confinement for thirty months, and forfeiture of all pay and allowances. Pursuant to a pretrial agreement, the convening authority reduced the period of confinement to twenty months, but otherwise approved the sentence as adjudged. The case is before the court for review under Article 66, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 866.

In his first assignment of error, appellant asserts that while serving a portion of his sentence at the United States Army Confine[535]*535ment Facility, Europe (USACFE), Mannheim, Germany, he was subjected to cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution; Article 55, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 855; and this court’s holding in United States v. Kinsch, 54 M.J. 641 (Army Ct.Crim. App.2000). We are not entirely persuaded as to the merits of appellant’s allegations. However, because of the limitations placed upon our fact-finding power by United States v. Ginn, 47 M.J. 236, 248 (1997), and as a matter of judicial economy, we will exercise our “broad power to moot claims of prejudice” by granting appellant sentence relief rather than order a DuBay1 hearing as requested by the government in its brief. United States v. Wheelus, 49 M.J. 283, 288 (1998).

Facts

The following facts are not in dispute.2 On 21 June 2000, appellant was convicted at a special court-martial of fourteen specifications involving illegal drugs and a nine-day absence without leave. For these crimes he was sentenced to forty-five days confinement, a bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of $670 pay per month for six months, and reduction to Private El. After serving his confinement at USACFE, appellant was released on 28 July 2000 and began the process of preparing to leave Germany on involuntary excess leave.

Before completing his outprocessing, appellant committed additional drug offenses, which along with previously committed larceny and forgery offenses, were prosecuted in this second court-martial. On 12 October 2000, appellant was tried and sentenced in this case and again confined at USACFE. Two weeks later, on 27 October 2000, this court issued its decision in Kinsch, finding that appellant Kinsch suffered cruel and unusual punishment at the hands of a particular USACFE guard (SGT D) who, “under the pretense of conducting a ‘pat down,’ maliciously and sadistically struck appellant [Kinsch] in his testicles several times with the intent of unnecessarily and wantonly causing appellant physical and mental pain.” Kinsch, 54 M.J. at 648. On 29 January 2001, appellant was transferred to the Regional Confinement Facility at Fort Knox, Kentucky, to finish serving his approved sentence.

On 29 October 2001, appellant executed an affidavit, remarkably similar to the multiple affidavits executed over one year earlier by other USACFE inmates and submitted in Kinsch. In his affidavit, appellant asserted that during his second period of confinement at USACFE, the same SGT D also intentionally assaulted him in the testicles during searches, without a legitimate penal purpose. On 7 November 2001, this court admitted appellant’s affidavit, along with eight other inmate affidavits that we previously considered in Kinsch. On 4 September 2002, we admitted affidavits from SGT D and from a former USACFE commander, both contesting the factual assertions in appellant’s affidavit that he was subjected to cruel and unusual punishment.

[536]*536As a remedy for his alleged cruel and unusual punishment, appellant asks that we “grant appropriate relief by determining a monetary value for any confinement credit” we determine appropriate. The government asks that we consider the affidavits they submitted and conclude under the fourth Ginn principle that the record as a whole compellingly demonstrates the improbability of appellant’s assertions. Alternatively, if the court concludes that we cannot decide the legal issue based on the submitted affidavits, the government asks that we order a DuBay hearing.

United States v. Ginn3

Appellant’s case is another in an increasing number of cases in which the government is placed at a significant disadvantage when an appellant files a post-trial affidavit alleging for the first time on appeal an issue that was not raised or fully developed at the court-martial.

Prior to the 1997 Ginn decision, when an appellant filed an affidavit raising an issue on appeal that either was not raised or fully developed at trial, the government was free to submit affidavits or other credible evidence for admission by this court to supplement the record and challenge appellant’s assertions. This court then reviewed the record of trial and the post-trial evidence submitted by the parties and exercised our Article 66(c), UCMJ, fact-finding authority to resolve the controverted questions of fact. If we had insufficient evidence to resolve the matter, we could ourselves order a DuBay hearing to gather additional facts. The preGinn procedure permitted the judges of this court to use our collective years of experience in exercising our broad Congressionallygranted, fact-finding authority to review and decide all post-trial issues in a manner that was fair to both parties and that promoted good order, discipline, and justice, while ensuring the effective and efficient use of limited judicial and court-reporting resources.4

This system, which was both fair and judicially efficient, worked well for decades under the UCMJ until the 1997 Ginn decision, which provides:

In sum, a post-trial evidentiary hearing was not required in this case and is not required in any case simply because an affidavit is submitted by an appellant. In most instances in which an appellant files an affidavit in the Court of Criminal Appeals making a claim such as ineffective assistance of counsel at trial [or any other matter that was not raised or fully litigated at trial],5 the authority of the Court to [537]*537decide that legal issue without further proceedings should be clear. The following principles apply:
First, if the facts alleged in the affidavit allege an error that would not result in relief even if any factual dispute were resolved in appellant’s favor, the claim may be rejected on that basis.

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Related

United States v. Gay
75 M.J. 264 (Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, 2016)
U.S. v.Gay
75 M.J. 264 (Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, 2016)
United States v. Singleton
60 M.J. 409 (Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, 2005)
United States v. Fagan
59 M.J. 238 (Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, 2004)
United States v. Singleton
59 M.J. 618 (Army Court of Criminal Appeals, 2003)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
58 M.J. 534, 2003 CCA LEXIS 51, 2003 WL 726432, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-fagan-acca-2003.