United States v. Evans

District Court, District of Columbia·Decided June 30, 2020·No. Criminal No. 2018-0103·Published

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

v.

Crim. Action No. 18-103 (EGS)

TONY JOHN EVANS,

Defendant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER Defendant Tony John Evans (“Mr. Evans”), who has served less than twenty-two percent of his sixty-month sentence for interference with interstate commerce by extortion, moves for compassionate release pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A). See generally Def.’s Mot. for Compassionate Release (“Def.’s Mot.”), ECF No. 229. 1 Mr. Evans, proceeding pro se, is currently incarcerated at the Federal Correctional Institution in Danbury, Connecticut (“FCI Danbury”), which is a facility experiencing a COVID-19 outbreak. The Attorney General has recognized FCI Danbury as one of the Bureau of Prisons (“BOP”) facilities experiencing “significant levels of infection” among inmates and staff. Office of the Att’y Gen., Mem. for Dir. of BOP, Increasing Use of Home Confinement at Institutions Most Affected by COVID-19 (Apr. 3, 2020), Gov’t’s Ex. B, ECF No. 223-2 at 2.

1 When citing electronic filings throughout this Opinion, the Court cites to the ECF page number, not the page number of the filed document.

Pending before the Court is Mr. Evans’ Motion for Compassionate Release. The government opposes his motion, arguing that: (1) Mr. Evans fails to satisfy the requirements for compassionate release; and (2) this Court lacks the authority to direct BOP to transfer Mr. Evans to home confinement. Gov’t’s Opp’n, ECF No. 232 at 1-2. Upon careful consideration of the parties’ submissions, the applicable law, and the entire record herein, the Court concludes that compassionate release is inconsistent with the applicable sentencing factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). Therefore, Mr. Evans’ motion is DENIED.

Under the compassionate release statute, as amended by the First Step Act, Pub. L. No. 115-391, § 603(b), 132 Stat. 5194, 5239 (2018), the Court may reduce a defendant’s term of imprisonment, “after considering the factors set forth in section 3553(a) to the extent that they are applicable, if it finds that . . . extraordinary and compelling reasons warrant such a reduction” and that “such a reduction is consistent with applicable policy statements issued by the Sentencing Commission.” 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)(i). By its terms, the Court may reduce a term of imprisonment “upon motion of the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, or upon motion of the defendant after the defendant has fully exhausted all administrative rights to appeal a failure of the Bureau of

Prisons to bring a motion on the defendant’s behalf or the lapse of 30 days from the receipt of such a request by the warden of the defendant’s facility, whichever is earlier.” Id. § 3582(c)(1)(A).

Before turning to the requirements for compassionate release, the Court briefly summarizes the relevant litigation pending in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut. See Martinez-Brooks v. Easter, No. 3:20-CV-00569 (MPS), 2020 WL 2405350, at *32 (D. Conn. May 12, 2020) (granting in part and denying in part the petitioners’ motion for temporary restraining order against FCI Danbury). In Martinez- Brooks v. Easter, a putative class action filed as a petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2241, four inmates at FCI Danbury sought to represent a class of all male and female inmates, as well as a subclass of “medically vulnerable” inmates consisting of individuals who are at heightened risk for serious illness or death from COVID-19. Id. at *1-*2.

Judge Michael P. Shea found that the Warden of FCI Danbury “is not making adequate use of [her] authority” to “remove medically vulnerable inmates from the dangerous environment at FCI Danbury,” and neither “implementing Section 3582(c)(1)(A) in the way Congress intended when it adopted the First Step Act,” nor making “any noticeable effort to update the process for evaluating ‘compassionate release’ requests to take account of

the COVID-19 pandemic.” Id. at *24. As such, Judge Shea concluded that the “[p]etitioners have shown a likelihood of success on the merits on their claim that the [r]espondents are displaying deliberate indifference in violation of the Eighth Amendment.” Id.

Judge Shea found that the “medically vulnerable” subclass members made a showing of irreparable harm because the alleged constitutional violation constitutes irreparable harm and the “inmates live and sleep in large dormitories lined with bunk beds” posing a “grave risk” to them and making it impossible to “institut[e] effective social distancing[.]” Id. at *27. Judge Shea found that the final two factors—the balance of the equities and the public interest—weighed in favor of the petitioners. Id. at *27-*31. Judge Shea issued a Temporary Restraining Order to “accelerat[e] the process for evaluating inmates for home confinement and compassionate release, and focus[] that process on achieving a ‘reasonable’ balance between the risks to inmate safety and the risks to public safety.” Id. at *32. Judge Shea ordered BOP to provide a list of medically vulnerable inmates at FCI Danbury. Id.

Mr. Evans urges this Court to reconsider its prior decisions denying his motions for release from custody in light

of Martinez Brooks v. Easter. Def.’s Mot., ECF No. 229 at 11. 2 Mr. Evans contends—and the government does not dispute—that he is a member of the “medically vulnerable” subclass. See id. at 9; see also Gov’t’s Opp’n, ECF No. 232 at 10-11. Indeed, the government confirms that “[t]he parties in Martinez-Brooks v. Easter identified [Mr. Evans] as being at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 due to his severe obesity (i.e., BMI [Body Mass Index] of 40 or higher).” Gov’t’s Opp’n, ECF No. 232 at 10.

At this Court’s direction, BOP assessed Mr. Evans’ risk factors and determined his eligibility to serve his sentence in home confinement rather than at FCI Danbury during the COVID-19 pandemic. See id. at 8. On April 10, 2020, BOP found that Mr. Evans was ineligible for home confinement for three reasons: “(1) [his] primary offense is listed as a crime of violence, which presents a greater security public safety factor; (2) [his] pattern risk score (risk of recidivism) is low (and not minimum); and (3) [he] only has completed 18.3 percent (not 50 percent) of his sentence.” Id. at 8-9; see also id. at 9 n.5 (“As of June 4, 2020, [Mr. Evans] has served only 21.4 percent of his sentence.”).

2 The Court will not construe the pro se motion as a motion for reconsideration because Mr. Evans, through counsel, made clear that his motions for release from custody did not seek compassionate release under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A). See Def.’s Mot. for Release from Custody, ECF No. 222 at 5-6; see also Gov’t’s Opp’n, ECF No. 232 at 18-19.

On May 20, 2020, the Warden of FCI Danbury denied Mr. Evans’ request for a sentence reduction because: (1) he has “not shown evidence of a terminal illness”; (2) he has “not been diagnosed with a terminal illness with an end of life trajectory nor 18 month life expectancy”; and (3) he is “currently being treated for sleep apnea, essential hypertension and obesity which [are] currently being managed by FCI Danbury medical.” Gov’t’s Ex. A, ECF No. 232-1 at 2. The Warden of FCI Danbury further explained that Mr. Evans was ineligible for home confinement under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) because he was “convicted of a crime of violence, [he has] not served 50% of [his] sentence, [he has] greater than 18 months remaining and [he is] currently a low risk of recidivism.” Id.

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