United States v. Evans

178 F. App'x 806
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
DecidedApril 28, 2006
Docket05-4309
StatusUnpublished

This text of 178 F. App'x 806 (United States v. Evans) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Evans, 178 F. App'x 806 (10th Cir. 2006).

Opinion

*807 ORDER *

MARY BECK BRISCOE, Circuit Judge.

Petitioner Steven Evans, appearing pro se, seeks a certificate of appealability (COA) to appeal the district court’s order dismissing his 28 U.S.C. § 2255 habeas corpus petition. We exercise jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, deny a COA, and dismiss the matter.

I.

On October 17, 2001, Evans was charged with five counts of interfering with commerce in violation of the Hobbs Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1951; three counts of bank robbery, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2113(a); and four counts of using a firearm during a crime of violence, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c). 1 On June 13, 2002, Evan entered a plea of guilty, with the benefit of a plea agreement, to two counts of using a firearm during a crime of violence. As part of the agreement, Evan executed “Statement by Defendant in Advance of Plea of Guilty.” The document specified in relevant part:

I hereby acknowledge and certify that I have been advised of and that I understand the following facts and rights, and that I have had the assistance of counsel in reviewing, explaining and completing this form:
1. The nature of the charges against me to which I have agreed to plead guilty ... have been explained to me. I have had an opportunity to discuss the nature of the charges with my attorney, and I understand the charges and the elements that the Government is required to prove.
4. I know that I have a right to plead “Not Guilty,” and I know that if I do plead, “Not Guilty,” I can persist in that plea.
5. I know that I have a right to a trial by jury....
6. I know that under a plea of guilty, there will not be a trial of any kind.
11. The only terms and conditions pertaining to this plea agreement between me and the Government are as follows:
(a) I will plead guilty to counts 4 and 6 of the Indictment.... The United States will ask the Court to dismiss the remaining counts at the time of sentencing.
(b) The United States Attorneys Office ... agrees not to bring additional charges that are currently under investigation ....
(c) I agree to make restitution for each of the robberies alleged in the indictment, with the exception of the robbery alleged in Count I....
(d) I agree to waive my right to appeal the sentence and the right to collateral review of the convictions and sentence ....
14. I know I have a right to ask the Court any questions I wish to ask concerning my right[s], or about these pro-eeeding[s] and the plea.
*808 I make the following representations to the Court:
2. No threats or promises of any sort have been made to me to induce me or to persuade me to enter this plea.
4. I have discussed this case and this plea with my lawyer as much as I wish to.
5. I am satisfied with my lawyer.
6. My decision to enter this plea was made after full and careful thought, with the advice of counsel, with a full understanding of my rights, with a full understanding of the facts and circumstances of the case, and with a full understanding of the consequences of the plea. I was not under the influence of any drugs, medications, or intoxicants when the decision to enter the plea was made, and I am not now under the influence of any drugs, medications, or intoxicants.
7. I have no mental reservations concerning this plea.
8. I understand and agree to all of the above. I know that I am free to change or delete anything contained in this statement. I wish to make no changes because all of the statements are correct.

Further, Evans’ attorney certified that he had discussed the document with Evans, and that he believed that Evans was knowingly and voluntarily entering the guilty plea.

Prior to sentencing, Evans’ attorney filed a lengthy sentencing memorandum outlining Evans’ personal history and requesting that the district court depart below the mandatory minimum for Evans’ convictions based on extreme mitigating circumstances. Nonetheless, on March 11, 2003, the district court sentenced Evans to the mandatory minimum on each count, for a total of 384 months’ imprisonment. See 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A)(ii), (c)(1)(C)(i) (providing for a term of imprisonment of not less than 7 years if the firearm is brandished, and a consecutive term of imprisonment of not less than 25 years in the case of a second or subsequent conviction). The district court also granted the government’s motion to dismiss the remaining ten counts against Evans.

II.

Unless the petitioner first obtains a COA, no appeal may be taken from a final order disposing of a § 2255 petition. See 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1)(B). A COA may issue “only if the applicant has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). In determining whether Evans has satisfied this burden, this court undertakes “a preliminary, though not definitive, consideration of the [legal] framework applicable” to each of his claims. Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 338, 123 S.Ct. 1029, 154 L.Ed.2d 931 (2003). To be entitled to a COA, Evans need not establish that his appeal will succeed. Instead, he must “prove something more than the absence of frivolity or the existence of mere good faith.” Id. (internal quotations omitted).

Evans argues that his guilty plea was not knowing and voluntary because he was denied effective assistance of counsel during the plea process. First, Evans contends that prior to entering his guilty plea, his attorney advised him that if he pleaded guilty, the district court would depart below the mandatory minimum sentence based on his troubled childhood. Second, Evans asserts that his counsel did not notify the court about the government’s failure to comply with a verbal agreement to file a motion for downward departure.

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Related

Strickland v. Washington
466 U.S. 668 (Supreme Court, 1984)
Hill v. Lockhart
474 U.S. 52 (Supreme Court, 1985)
Miller-El v. Cockrell
537 U.S. 322 (Supreme Court, 2003)
Van Woudenberg Ex Rel. Foor v. Gibson
211 F.3d 560 (Tenth Circuit, 2000)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
178 F. App'x 806, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-evans-ca10-2006.