United States v. Dwayne Williams

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedDecember 20, 2012
Docket12-1505
StatusUnpublished

This text of United States v. Dwayne Williams (United States v. Dwayne Williams) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Dwayne Williams, (7th Cir. 2012).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued December 11, 2012 Decided December 20, 2012

Before

WILLIAM J. BAUER, Circuit Judge

ANN CLAIRE WILLIAMS , Circuit Judge

DIANE S. SYKES, Circuit Judge

No. 12‐1505 Appeal from the United States District Court for the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Northern District of Illinois, Plaintiff‐Appellee, Eastern Division.

v. No. 08 CR 530

DWAYNE E. WILLIAMS, Ronald A. Guzmán, Defendant‐Appellant. Judge.

O R D E R

Dwayne Williams challenges his 125‐month prison sentence for possession of heroin. He argues that the district court permitted the government to violate his plea agreement by presenting evidence at his sentencing hearing beyond the facts stipulated in the agreement. At that hearing the government introduced testimony from one of Williams’s drug suppliers that substantially increased the amount of drugs attributed to him. We conclude that the court did not err in allowing the evidence because the government never agreed to limit the evidence of relevant conduct presented at sentencing to that stipulated in the plea agreement.

Williams pleaded guilty to possession of heroin with intent to distribute, see 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). He admitted to purchasing 500 grams of heroin, selling most of it, No. 12‐1505 Page 2

and storing the rest in the trunk of his car for later sale. He also admitted that he hid crack cocaine in the same trunk and had sold more than 600 grams of cocaine to an informant. In a written plea agreement, the parties agreed that based on then‐known facts, he was accountable for the equivalent of between 400 and 700 kilograms of marijuana, yielding a base offense level of 28. The parties also reserved the right to dispute a 2‐level increase based on the government’s contention that Williams possessed a firearm in connection with his offense. And the government agreed to recommend up to a 3‐level reduction for Williams’s acceptance of responsibility. With these adjustments in mind, the parties anticipated an adjusted offense level of 27, which combined with Williams’s zero criminal‐ history points would provisionally result in a guidelines range of 70 to 87 months’ imprisonment.

Both parties agreed that the guidelines calculations were “preliminary in nature.” Williams also acknowledged that the calculations were “non‐binding predictions upon which neither party is entitled to rely,” that they were based on “facts now known to the government,” and that after “further review of the facts,” the government may conclude that different or additional guidelines provisions applied. The parties remained free to recommend whatever sentence they deemed appropriate, and either party could correct errors in applying any of the guidelines by stipulation or by statement to the Probation Office or the district court.

Four months later, when the government submitted its version of the offense to the probation office, it revised its calculations. It stated that based on an upcoming cooperation agreement with one of Williams’s suppliers Emmeterio Gutierrez, it intended to present evidence at sentencing of additional drug quantities attributable to Williams. Then, a few days before the scheduled sentencing hearing, the government estimated in its sentencing memorandum that this new evidence would raise the amount of cocaine attributable to Williams to the equivalent of 19,000 kilograms of marijuana. By raising the attribution of marijuana from 700 to 19,000 kilograms of marijuana, the government’s calculations increased his base offense level from 28 to 36. Williams complained that this evidence should not be considered because it constituted an unfair surprise. He emphasized that the government knew about Gutierrez’s evidentiary proffer as long as two years before it reached its plea agreements with Williams and Gutierrez. He also insisted that the new evidence was not sufficiently credible or relevant to his offense.

At the sentencing hearing held five months later, the government called Gutierrez to testify to additional drug quantities. Williams renewed his objection to the testimony as irrelevant. He also argued that if the government had believed Gutierrez when, two years earlier, he first proffered his account of the larger amount of drugs attributable to Williams, it should have indicted Williams for those quantities then. No. 12‐1505 Page 3

The district court overruled Williams’s objections because, the court reasoned, the government could not fully rely on Gutierrez’s testimony until after it had reached its cooperation agreement with him. The court further found Gutierrez’s testimony credible and that Williams could not argue unfair surprise because he knew about the events to which Gutierrez testified. The court calculated a guidelines range of 108 to 135 months’ imprisonment and sentenced Williams to 125 months.

The sole issue on appeal is whether the government breached its plea agreement with Williams by having Gutierrez testify to additional relevant conduct beyond the facts discussed in the plea agreement. Because the agreement states that Williams was responsible for at most the equivalent of 700 kilograms of marijuana, yielding a base offense level of 28, Williams contends that the government could not present further evidence yielding a higher base offense level.

As a preliminary matter, the parties debate whether Williams forfeited this contention by failing to object in the district court that the government had breached the plea agreement. “Forfeiture occurs when a defendant negligently fails to assert a right in a timely fashion.” United States v. Brodie, 507 F.3d 527, 530 (7th Cir. 2007). An objection to a particular guidelines calculation does not necessarily preserve for appeal a claim that, by proposing the calculation, the government breached a plea agreement. See Puckett v. United States, 556 U.S. 129, 133 (2009) (distinguishing defendant’s preserved argument that he should receive a reduction for acceptance of responsibility from an unpreserved argument that the government had breached their plea agreement by opposing the reduction); United States v. Winters, 695 F.3d 686, 689 (7th Cir. 2012) (finding defendant had not objected to alleged breach of plea agreement where he only objected to application of career‐offender status that raised his base offense level above agreed level).

Williams maintains that he adequately preserved his contention, but he is mistaken. Although Williams did twice object to the government’s attempt to introduce further evidence of relevant conduct, the government is correct that he never contended that the government’s proffer breached its plea agreement. In fact, Williams never even mentioned any particular provisions of the agreement, let alone maintained that a provision was breached. Rather, he complained only that the evidence should be precluded because it should have been produced earlier and was not credible. True, Williams’s sentencing memorandum cites United States v. Artley, 489 F.3d 813 (7th Cir. 2007)—a decision that addresses the alleged breach of a plea agreement; he cited it again at the sentencing hearing.

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Bluebook (online)
United States v. Dwayne Williams, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-dwayne-williams-ca7-2012.