United States v. Daniel Hankins

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: May 24, 2018
• Docket: 17-10121
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAY 24 2018 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 17-10121

Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No. 2:15-cr-00084-GEB-1 v.

DANIEL LESTER HANKINS, MEMORANDUM*

Defendant-Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California Garland E. Burrell, Jr., District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted May 14, 2018 San Francisco, California

Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judge, and ZILLY, ** District Judge.

Daniel Lester Hankins was charged with misdemeanor offenses, consented

to proceed before a magistrate judge, who imposed a restitution obligation in the

amount of $17,605.05, and unsuccessfully appealed to a district judge. He now

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The Honorable Thomas S. Zilly, United States District Judge for the Western District of Washington, sitting by designation. seeks a second review, raising the following issues: (i) whether the magistrate

judge erred in not apportioning the restitution between Hankins and his co-

defendant, and (ii) whether the magistrate judge miscalculated the amount of

restitution owed by Hankins.

Hankins did not present the first issue to the district judge. We need not

decide, however, whether Hankins has waived or abandoned the argument because,

even under plain error review, which both parties suggest is the appropriate

standard, Hankins cannot prevail on his theory that the magistrate judge’s

restitution awards result in double recovery. Hankins is entitled to receive credit

for any funds paid by his co-defendant and vice versa. See United States v. Bright,

353 F.3d 1114, 1121 (9th Cir. 2004); United States v. Stanley, 309 F.3d 611, 613

(9th Cir. 2002).

Hankins did raise the second argument on appeal to the district court. Our

review of the district court’s affirmance of the magistrate judge’s restitution award

is governed by the same standards as the appeal to the district judge. See Fed. R.

Crim. P. 58(g)(2)(D); see also United States v. Stanton, 501 F.3d 1093, 1099 (9th

Cir. 2007). The legality of a restitution order is reviewed de novo. United States

v. Waknine, 543 F.3d 546, 555 (9th Cir. 2008). The amount of restitution is subject

to an abuse-of-discretion standard. Id.; see United States v. Kuo, 620 F.3d 1158,

2 1162 (9th Cir. 2010). The underlying factual findings are reviewed for clear error.

Kuo, 620 F.3d at 1162; Waknine, 543 F.3d at 555.

Hankins’s contention that the spreadsheet attached as Exhibit A to the

government’s sentencing memorandum lacked sufficient indicia of reliability to

support the magistrate judge’s calculation of the restitution amount lacks merit.

Unlike the non-itemized victim affidavits in Waknine, see 543 F.3d at 556-58,

Exhibit A provides the date, time, day of the week, vehicle license plate number

(which relates to the particular credit card used), amount involved, and location of

each fraudulent purchase, and the spreadsheet represents the type of summary

routinely admitted as evidence. See Fed. R. Evid. 1006.

Hankins’s argument that the government failed to show every transaction

listed on Exhibit A constituted a theft and was perpetrated by Hankins or a member

of his family ignores the burden of proof, which is not “beyond a reasonable

doubt,” but rather “by the preponderance of the evidence.” 18 U.S.C. § 3664(e).

Hankins pleaded guilty to 48 counts of theft, all but one of which involved a

transaction at “The Mart” in Herlong, California, which is just outside the Sierra

Army Depot, where Hankins was working at the time. Of the 24 government

credit cards at issue, 20 were used on one or more occasions at “The Mart,” and

Hankins’s uncontroverted misuse at “The Mart” is circumstantial evidence that the

other transactions on those cards were likewise improper and linked to Hankins.

3 Similarly, although the government did not proffer direct evidence that

Hankins made various purchases in Reno, Nevada, the fact that Hankins routinely

traveled to Reno for medical appointments and that the records for 18 cards used at

“The Mart” also reflected purchases in Reno constituted sufficient evidence to

establish that the Reno transactions were more likely than not tied to Hankins. The

government’s approach could have been more rigorous, but the magistrate judge

did not abuse his discretion in reasoning that, because Hankins was the only person

known to be abusing government credit cards during the period at issue, all of the

transactions identified in Exhibit A must be attributable to him. The district judge

appropriately affirmed the magistrate judge’s restitution award.

AFFIRMED.