United States v. Crayton

17 M.J. 932, 1984 CMR LEXIS 4714
CourtU S Air Force Court of Military Review
DecidedJanuary 18, 1984
DocketACM 24040
StatusPublished
Cited by20 cases

This text of 17 M.J. 932 (United States v. Crayton) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering U S Air Force Court of Military Review primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Crayton, 17 M.J. 932, 1984 CMR LEXIS 4714 (usafctmilrev 1984).

Opinion

DECISION

HODGSON, Chief Judge:

The residual hearsay exception of Mil.R. Evid. 803(24) is the focal issue of this appeal.1 The accused argues that the military judge erred in admitting the pretrial statement of his stepdaughter after sha had recented its contents in court. He asserts that her out-of-court statement lacks “circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness” and is therefore inadmissible. On the other hand, the Government urges that the question of admissibility of a statement offered under the residual hearsay exception is within the discretion of the trial judge and he did not abuse that discretion in admitting the statement.

I

The record disclosed that in November 1982, the accused’s stepdaughter, DL, age 14, was removed from his household by the Nebraska Child Protective Services and made a ward of the State. Near the end of December an investigator for the Child Protective Services informed the Office of Special Investigations (OSI) that it appeared the accused had been sexually abusing his minor stepdaughter. On 6 January 1983, OSI agents attempted to discuss the allegation with DL, but she declined to be interviewed; later, on 4 February, DL gave a written statement that the accused made her engage in various sex acts including fellatio and cunnilingus. She indicated that some of the incidents took place at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, during the summer of 1981; subsequent other acts took place while the family was living on Okinawa.

The accused, after advisement of rights, admitted to law enforcement investigators that he had, on two occasions, fondled his stepdaughter’s breasts and genitalia. He denied any other sexual contact.

At the pretrial investigation DL refused to discuss the incidents concerning her stepfather beyond replying “yep” when asked if they really did take place.

At trial she testified that the accused never did the things of which she had accused him. She said she “made up the story” because she “hated” the accused and resented her mother marrying him. She signed the statement she gave the OSI without reading it and did not provide them the dates and places contained in the document. The whole thing,, according to DL, was done in order to get attention from her mother. After DL testified, the prosecution offered her out-of-court statement of 4 February which the military judge admit ted pursuant to Mil.R.Evid. 803(24).

Both DL’s mother and older brother testified that she was untruthful and would do anything to get attention. DL was described by her mother as a “professional liar” who manipulated people.

[934]*934The accused, testifying in his own behalf, admitted to fondling his stepdaughter’s breasts. He denied, however, any additional sexual misconduct contending that his statement to the contrary given the OSI was untrue and was made by him to stop the questioning.

With the evidence in this posture the accused was convicted, by exceptions, of an assault consummated by a battery on a female under 16 years of age by fondling her breasts and genitalia in violation of Article 128, U.C.M.J., 10 U.S.C. § 928. The approved sentence extended to a dishonorable discharge, confinement at hard labor for one year, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and reduction to airman basic.

II

We addressed the admissibility of statements offered under the residual hearsay exception in United States v. Ruffin, 12 M.J. 952 (A.F.C.M.R.1982), pet denied, 13 M.J. 494 (C.M.A.1982). In that decision we concluded that a statement admitted pursuant to the residual hearsay exception2 does not violate the accused’s right of confrontation if there is circumstantial evidence of record supporting the statement’s trustworthiness. In Ruffin, supra, as in the instant case, the allegations before the Court involved the sexual abuse of a child. There the witness’s out-of-court statement was admitted after she refused to testify when ordered to do so by the military judge. We examined the intent of the Rule and the circumstances then present which served to guarantee the trustworthiness of the statement. We determined that the statement had “exceptional guarantees of trustworthiness” and the trial judge properly admitted it. Accord United States v. Bailey, 581 F.2d 341 (3d Cir.1978).

Whether an out-of-court statement possesses the required “circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness” is a question of law and if that trustworthiness is lacking the statement should be excluded. United States v. Robinson, 544 F.2d 110 (2d Cir.1976). The decision to admit evidence under the exception set out in Mil.R.Evid. 803(24) lies with the discretion of the trial judges. United States v. Whalen, 15 M.J. 872 (A.C.M.R.1983), and unless he clearly abuses that discretion we will not disturb his ruling.

Mil.R.Evid. 803(24) is identical with Federal Rule of Evidence 803(24). Accordingly, federal case law may be looked to for guidance. In United States v. White, 611 F.2d 531 (5th Cir.1980), our brethern on the federal bench cautioned that the residual hearsay exception should be used sparingly and the discretion of the trial judge is not unlimited. It follows that not every extra-judicial statement of a witness meets the conditions that must be satisfied under the Rule before it can be admitted. The circumstances that support its trustworthiness is the linchpin governing its admissibility. In the case at bar there is a dearth of physical or testimonial evidence showing that the out-of-court statement of DL represented the truth. At trial she testified that her statement was false and gave a plausible explanation why she wrongly accused her stepfather of sexual misconduct. In summary, we find that the circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness that were present in the statement admitted in Ruffin, supra, are lacking here. We realize that corroboration is not required to admit a statement offered under Mil.R.Evid. 803 (24), but the presence or absence of corroborating evidence is a circumstance to be examined. United States v. King, 16 M.J. 990 (A.C.M.R.1983). Here there is little to give DL’s statement an indicia of reliability. The military judge erred in admitting her out-of-court statement. United States v. King, supra; contra, United States v. Whalen, supra.

We caution those who read this opinion to do so narrowly as we are not repudiating our analysis of Mil.R.Evid. 803(24) set forth in United States v. Ruffin, supra. Rather, [935]*935our decision here is bottomed on the lack of equivalent circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness surrounding DL’s out-of-court statement.

Ill

Our holding that the trial judge erroneously admitted DL’s statement would normally require a rehearing: however, we note that in his trial testimony, upon direct examination and again on cross-examination, the accused judicially confessed to fondling his stepdaughter’s breasts.

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Bluebook (online)
17 M.J. 932, 1984 CMR LEXIS 4714, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-crayton-usafctmilrev-1984.