United States v. Charles McCall

441 F. App'x 515

Opinion

MEMORANDUM **

1. Given that McCall’s attorney elicited testimony from Dooley that he didn’t “know one way or the other” whether McCall’s statements reflected what he knew at the time or what he knew in hindsight, McCall wasn’t prejudiced by the admission of Dooley’s statements. See United States v. Shapiro, 879 F.2d 468, 472 (9th Cir.1989).

2. Excluding Bergonzi’s testimony about Hawkins’s statements as hearsay, even if error, was harmless because Ber-gonzi’s prior testimony was substantive evidence that he told McCall that Hawkins was working with the auditors. See Pope v. Savings Bank of Puget Sound, 850 F.2d 1345, 1356 (9th Cir.1988).

3. McCall’s defense theory was adequately covered by the combination of the reckless disregard instruction and the good faith instruction. And “it is not reversible error to reject a defendant’s proposed instruction on his theory of the case if other instructions, in their entirety, adequately cover the defense theory.” United States v. Romm, 455 F.3d 990, 1002 (9th Cir.2006) (quoting United States v. Mason, 902 F.2d 1434, 1438 (9th Cir.1990)).

4. Even if there were an error in the jury instructions, it is “clear beyond a reasonable doubt that a rational jury would have found [McCall] guilty” without the reckless disregard instruction. United States v. Gracidas-Ulibarry, 231 F.3d 1188, 1197 (9th Cir.2000) (en banc) (quoting Neder v. United States, 527 U.S. 1, 18, 119 S.Ct. 1827, 144 L.Ed.2d 35 (1999)). The jury found that McCall knowingly and willfully circumvented internal controls, which required actual knowledge, and was not affected by the reckless disregard instruction. To convict on this count, the jury must have found that McCall knew that the side-letter agreements were being used to improperly recognize revenue. Because these same side-letter agreements also formed the basis of the alleged scheme to defraud, the jury would have likely convicted McCall of the securities fraud counts based on actual knowledge, rendering any error in the reckless disregard instruction harmless.

AFFIRMED.

** This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9 th Cir. R. 36-3.