United States v. Bruce Whittler

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedJune 27, 2013
Docket12-2756
StatusUnpublished

This text of United States v. Bruce Whittler (United States v. Bruce Whittler) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Bruce Whittler, (7th Cir. 2013).

Opinion

NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604

Argued June 13, 2013 Decided June 27, 2013

Before

DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge

DIANE S. SYKES, Circuit Judge

JOHN DANIEL TINDER, Circuit Judge No. 12‐2756

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appeal from the United States District Plaintiff Appellee, Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. v. No. 10 CR 987 BRUCE WHITTLER Defendant Appellant. Amy J. St. Eve, Judge.

ORDER

Bruce Whittler pleaded guilty to conspiracy to possess and distribute cocaine, see 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 841(a)(1), and the district court sentenced him to 92 months’ imprisonment. Whittler argues that the court miscalculated his guidelines imprisonment range by applying an upward adjustment for possessing a dangerous weapon. See U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(1). Because the court did not clearly err, we affirm the judgment.

In March 2009,Whittler began selling crack cocaine supplied by his cousin, Robert Jones. Jones would deliver the crack to Whittler’s home. Jones was arrested in October 2009, No. 12‐2756 Page 2

and after that the conspiracy ended. Whittler was not charged in federal court until November 2010, and when agents arrested him they recovered 3 toy guns painted to resemble real firearms. Whittler stipulated that the drug quantity was at least 50 grams, but the record does not show that drugs were recovered from him or his home.

At sentencing the government argued that Whittler should receive a 2 level increase under U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(1), which applies “[i]f a dangerous weapon (including a firearm) was possessed.” Jones testified for the government that sometime during the summer of 2009—before their conspiracy ended—he was at Whittler’s home delivering crack or collecting money for previous deliveries and asked to see Whittler’s gun. Whittler presented the gun to Jones in his kitchen, where, according to Jones, Whittler sometimes received crack from him. Jones described handling the gun, which he described as small, black, heavy, and made of metal. Whittler possessed the gun, Jones opined, to protect his home from intruders, and he acknowledged that, because of their trusting and familial relationship, Whittler didn’t need protection from him. When asked if he knew whether Whittler used the gun in connection with their drug dealings, Jones responded that he did not know.

To corroborate Jones’s testimony that Whittler had possessed a gun during the conspiracy, the government played recordings of two intercepted telephone calls between Jones and Whittler. During the first of those calls, on August 7, 2009, Whittler discussed a recent burglary at his home. Whittler said:

They climbed through my room window. Didn’t take nothing else in the room. They went through my bottom drawer where I keep my money and all that stuff. They left my money in there. They left everything else in there. All they took was the scale, the TV, the PlayStation and all the video games. . . . . They left the money. Everything else. . . . Right there in the drawer.... [T]he banger was sitting right there. You know what I’m saying? The clip. Everything. The Taser. Everything.

Jones asserted that, when Whittler mentioned the “banger,” he was referring to the gun shown to Jones earlier that summer.

During the second recorded call, on August 29, 2009, Whittler told Jones that his cousin had been shot and was “tryin’ to find something,” which, Jones testified, meant that Whittler’s cousin was trying to find a gun. Jones had replied that Whittler “better let him get that, what you got,” meaning, according to Jones, that Whittler should give his cousin his gun. Whittler answered, “I’ll let him get that one, you let me get that one that you got”; No. 12‐2756 Page 3

Jones explained that Whittler had meant he would give his cousin his gun only if Jones would replace it with his gun.

During cross examination Whittler’s lawyer attacked Jones’s credibility. She forced Jones to concede that he hadn’t told the government about Whittler’s gun until two weeks before the defendant’s sentencing hearing, skipping opportunities to divulge that information when he first started cooperating with the government in October 2009 and when he testified before Whittler’s grand jury the following year. She also highlighted Jones’s testimony at sentencing that he too possessed a gun, which contradicted an earlier statement to the government denying that he ever owned a gun.

The government also introduced the toy guns recovered when Whittler was arrested to support the proposed increase for possession of a dangerous weapon. The prosecutor acknowledged, however, that she had no idea when Whittler acquired those toys and thus inferring a connection to the conspiracy was difficult because they were recovered so long after it had ended.

Whittler did not testify or present any evidence, but defense counsel argued that the government had failed to show that he possessed a gun in connection with the drug conspiracy. First, she argued that the government could not meet (what she insisted was) its burden by showing only that Whittler talked about a gun during the course of the conspiracy. Next, she argued that, even if Whittler did have a gun, a connection between the gun and the conspiracy was “clearly improbable,” see U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1 cmt. n.11, because, she asserted, (1) the burglary discussed during the August 7 telephone call had not occurred at Whittler’s home, but rather at his girlfriend’s home, and (2) Whittler showed the gun to Jones as a trusted friend and not as part of a drug transaction. The government countered that Whittler’s friendship with Jones was irrelevant because, the prosecutor argued, Whittler sold crack to his own customers. Whittler’s possession of the gun fit within the rationale for the upward adjustment, the prosecutor continued, because there is an increased danger when crack deals are made in close proximity to guns. The district court applied the 2 level increase. Earlier during the sentencing hearing, while ruling on an evidentiary objection to the drug quantity, the court had explained that it would not credit any uncorroborated statements from Jones because his testimony at the sentencing hearing and earlier before the grand jury had been rife with inconsistencies. Still, the court reasoned that the August 7 call strongly corroborated Jones’s testimony that Whittler had possessed a gun during the conspiracy. Whittler had told Jones that the burglar “left the banger” but took the scale, which, the judge explained, “is direct evidence of his involvement in the conspiracy and having drug paraphernalia at the home where the weapon was, by his own acknowledgment.” The court added that the August 29 call further corroborated Jones’s testimony that Whittler had kept a gun near No. 12‐2756 Page 4

where he kept his drugs and money. And so it was not clearly improbable, the judge concluded, that the gun was connected to the offense. Jones’s testimony plus the calls were sufficient to support the increase, the court decided, and thus it declined to address the toy gun argument.

On appeal Whittler contests the application of § 2D1.1(b)(1). The adjustment applies “[i]f a dangerous weapon (including a firearm) was possessed,” U.S.S.G.

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Bluebook (online)
United States v. Bruce Whittler, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-bruce-whittler-ca7-2013.