United States v. Bert

Procedural entryThis page is a short order in United States v. Bert. Read the opinion of the Court — 814 F.3d 70
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit·Decided March 1, 2016·No. 14-2428·Published

Opinion

14-2428 United States v. Bert

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 9th day of February, two thousand sixteen.

PRESENT: ROBERT A. KATZMANN, Chief Judge, DENNIS JACOBS, JOSÉ A. CABRANES, ROSEMARY S. POOLER, REENA RAGGI, RICHARD C. WESLEY, PETER W. HALL, DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, GERARD E. LYNCH, DENNY CHIN, RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR., SUSAN L. CARNEY, CHRISTOPHER F. DRONEY, Circuit Judges.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -x

UNITED STATES of AMERICA,

Appellee,

- v.- 14-2428

RAHEEM BERT, aka RAHEEM LINWOOD, aka RADIO

Defendant-Appellant.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -x For Appellee: Douglas M. Pravda, Amy Busa, Assistant United States Attorneys, for Robert L. Capers, United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York, Brooklyn, NY.

For Defendant- Appellant: James Darrow, New York, NY.

ORDER

Following disposition of this appeal, an active judge of the Court requested a poll on whether to rehear the case en banc. A poll having been conducted and there being no majority favoring en banc review, rehearing en banc is hereby DENIED, with opinions to follow.

FOR THE COURT: CATHERINE O’HAGAN WOLFE, CLERK

2 DENNIS JACOBS, Circuit Judge, joined by JOSÉ A. CABRANES, REENA RAGGI, and DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, Circuit Judges, dissenting from the denial of rehearing in banc:

I dissent from the denial of rehearing in banc.

A busy district judge took one year to decide a ramified suppression

motion, and neglected to enter the periodic findings that delay was in the interest

of justice. See 18 U.S.C. § 3161(h)(7). The judge acknowledged the violation of

the Speedy Trial Act and dismissed the indictment without prejudice. A new

indictment was returned, and defendant Bert was tried and convicted of being a

felon in possession of a firearm and of possession of a firearm with an obliterated

serial number. The panel majority concluded that dismissal without prejudice

was an abuse of discretion, and directed that the indictment be dismissed with

prejudice. United States v. Bert, 801 F.3d 125 (2d Cir. 2015) (“September 10

Opinion”). To arrive at that conclusion, the majority did some violence to settled

law, and withheld from the district court the discretion confided to it by

Congress.

The reader will notice that (other than Judge Pooler, who wrote the

opinion, and Judge Hall, who signed on to it) not one of my colleagues‐‐

including those voting against in banc review‐‐will defend the merits of the panel

1 majority’s September 10 Opinion. The reader will also notice that,

simultaneously with the order denying in banc review, the panel majority has

withdrawn the September 10 Opinion; that says something about its reception.

So the September 10 Opinion is now replaced with another, which remands for

the district court to exercise discretion anew under the influence of fewer errors.

I separately dissent from the new panel opinion; this dissent is limited to the

errors in the panel majority’s September 10 Opinion that are committed again in

the revision.

I

When the Speedy Trial Act is violated, dismissal is required; but the

decision to dismiss with or without prejudice is unambiguously confided to the

district judge, whose discretion is guided by four factors; and “neither remedy

[is] given priority.” United States v. Taylor, 487 U.S. 326, 335 (1988); see also 18

U.S.C. § 3162(a)(2) (setting forth factors); Taylor, 487 U.S. at 340 (same); United

States v. Wilson, 11 F.3d 346, 352 (2d Cir. 1993) (same).

Each of the four factors weighs decidedly on the side of dismissal without

prejudice:

2 Seriousness of the Offense: All panel members agree, and Bert concedes,

that the offense was a serious one. Bert is a felon who possessed a loaded gun

with an obliterated serial number in the hallway of an apartment building and,

when approached by police, threw the firearm out an open hallway window,

heedless of whether anyone was playing in the courtyard below. The seriousness

of this charged gun possession is aggravated by Bert’s prior felony convictions,

which include possession of a gun used to commit a homicide‐‐not to mention

witness tampering and drug trafficking. Bert’s criminal history demonstrates

that his possession of a firearm is a present and deadly risk to those who have to

live in his vicinity.

The Facts and Circumstances of the Delay, Including its Length: It is

settled that, where the offense is a serious one, “an ‘isolated unwitting violation’

of the Speedy Trial Act cannot support a decision to dismiss with prejudice” “in

the absence of a factually supported finding of bad faith or a pattern of neglect by

the local United States Attorney.” United States v. Hernandez, 863 F.2d 239, 244

(2d Cir. 1988) (quoting Taylor, 487 U.S. 326, 334 (1988)).

Given the undisputed seriousness of the offense, the only question is

whether there was bad faith or a pattern of neglect or delay by the United States

3 Attorney. There was none. The district court found that there was “no bad faith

[or] pattern of delay on the part of the government,” nor any “intentional acts on

the part of the government to delay this case.” Special App’x 32:19‐22. The

district court further found that the prosecution’s failure to alert the court to the

pendency of Bert’s suppression motion or to request an ends‐of‐justice exclusion

was “not . . . gross neglect or [a] pattern of neglect or an attempt to circumvent

the Speedy Trial Act.” Id. 30:8‐10.

There is no claim or basis for thinking that these findings were error (clear

or otherwise). Since the offense is serious and there was no bad faith or pattern

of neglect, it would have been an abuse of discretion under Circuit law to dismiss

with prejudice.

While all panel members agree that the one‐year delay was lengthy, the

panel majority initially concluded (erroneously) that the length of delay was

sufficient to overcome Taylor and Hernandez (September 10 Opinion, 801 F.3d at

131‐35)‐‐notwithstanding that Hernandez (following Taylor) requires that, if the

offense is serious, dismissal be without prejudice unless there is bad faith or

neglect by the prosecution. The majority doubles down on the error in its new

opinion, acknowledging Hernandez’s restriction, but proposing that dismissal

4 with prejudice can be supported by a pattern of neglect by either the prosecution

or by the court. For that proposition, the majority cites United States v. Stayton,

791 F.2d 17, 22 (2d Cir. 1986), as a case “where ‘the court [had] ignored the

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

United States v. Bert, (2d Cir. 2016).

United States v. Bert (United States v. Bert) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

Watson v. Geren
587 F.3d 156 (Second Circuit, 2009)
United States v. Taylor
487 U.S. 326 (Supreme Court, 1988)
United States v. Gilbert Hernandez
863 F.2d 239 (Second Circuit, 1988)
United States v. Wilson
11 F.3d 346 (Second Circuit, 1993)
Young v. Conway
715 F.3d 79 (Second Circuit, 2013)
Ricci v. DeStefano
530 F.3d 88 (Second Circuit, 2008)
United States v. Taylor
752 F.3d 254 (Second Circuit, 2014)
United States v. Bert
801 F.3d 125 (Second Circuit, 2015)