Case: 17-11572 Date Filed: 12/04/2017 Page: 1 of 6
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 17-11572 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 2:11-cr-00066-JES-DNF-2
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
BARRY FRANZ VERDIEU,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida ________________________
(December 4, 2017)
Before WILSON, MARTIN, and JORDAN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: Case: 17-11572 Date Filed: 12/04/2017 Page: 2 of 6
Barry Verdieu, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s denial of his
motion for return of property under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 41(g).
After careful review, we affirm.
I.
In June 2011, Verdieu and another man attempted to purchase 3,000
oxycodone pills for $10,500. United States v. Verdieu, 520 F. App’x 865, 865–66
(11th Cir. 2013) (unpublished) (per curiam). A jury found Verdieu guilty of one
count of conspiracy to possess oxycodone with the intent to distribute, in violation
of 21 U.S.C. § 846, and one count of carrying a firearm in relation to, or possessing
a firearm in furtherance of, a drug-trafficking crime, in violation of 18 U.S.C.
§§ 924(c)(1)(A)(i) and 2. Id. at 866. Verdieu appealed only his conviction on the
firearms charge, but this Court affirmed. Id. at 868.
Nearly four years after Verdieu’s unsuccessful appeal, he filed a motion for
return of property taken from him on the day of his arrest, pursuant to Rule 41(g).
He alleged that the property “ha[d] not been the subject of a criminal or civil
forfeiture proceeding,” and the government’s continued possession of it was thus
unlawful. He requested the district court “exercise[] its equitable jurisdiction and
make an evidentiary inquiry to . . . determine what happened to the property, and to
craft an appropriate remedy.” In a supporting affidavit, Verdieu identified the
$10,500 as the particular property of interest.
2 Case: 17-11572 Date Filed: 12/04/2017 Page: 3 of 6
The government’s response answered Verdieu’s question about what had
happened to his money: On October 20, 2011, the Drug Enforcement
Administration (“DEA”) administratively forfeited the money pursuant to 19
U.S.C. § 1609. Specifically, the attached “Declaration of Forfeiture” stated the
money had been seized pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 881 on the day of Verdieu’s arrest.
It also stated “[n]otice of the seizure ha[d] been sent to all known parties who may
have a legal or possessory interest in the property” and “ha[d] been published” in
accordance with the requirements of 19 U.S.C. § 1607. 1 When no claims were
filed within thirty days of the last publication, the DEA declared the money
forfeited to the United States under § 1609. The government’s response also stated
that, to challenge the forfeiture, Verdieu needed to file a motion under 18 U.S.C.
§ 983(e).
The district court denied Verdieu’s motion, concluding the administrative
forfeiture by the DEA rendered the court without “jurisdiction to provide the relief
requested.” Verdieu timely appealed. He argues the district court erred because he
did not consent to any administrative forfeiture during his criminal proceedings
and the court had the authority to entertain his Rule 41(g) motion. He also argues
he did not receive a copy of the government’s response to his Rule 41(g) motion
and thus “was prejudiced in being able to object, provide affidavit testimony,
1 The Declaration identified the owner of the $10,500 as Verdieu’s co-defendant, but stated the money had been seized from Verdieu. 3 Case: 17-11572 Date Filed: 12/04/2017 Page: 4 of 6
expand the record, or in any manner challenge the Government’s assertions.”
Finally, he contends that under Honeycutt v. United States, ___ U.S. ___, 137 S.
Ct. 1626 (2017), any criminal forfeiture of the money was improper for lack of
“proper consideration given to the income source for the acquisition of the
property.”
II.
On appeal from the denial of a Rule 41(g) motion, we review questions of
law de novo and factual findings for clear error. United States v. Howell, 425 F.3d
971, 973 (11th Cir. 2005). “[A] district court’s determination that it lacks the
authority to exercise equitable jurisdiction” is reviewed de novo. United States v.
Martinez, 241 F.3d 1329, 1330 (11th Cir. 2001).2 However, the “equitable
equation” of the district court’s decision to deny a Rule 41(g) motion is reviewed
for abuse of discretion. United States v. Machado, 465 F.3d 1301, 1307 (11th Cir.
2006), abrogated on other grounds as recognized in United States v. Lopez, 562
F.3d 1309, 1311–13 (11th Cir. 2009).
A person aggrieved by an unlawful search and seizure of property may move
for its return. Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(g). Rule 41(g) motions are unavailable when
property is seized pursuant to civil forfeiture instead of for use as evidence. United
States v. Watkins, 120 F.3d 254, 255 (11th Cir. 1997) (per curiam).
2 Martinez and other pre-2002 cases cited here addressed Rule 41(e), which was reclassified as Rule 41(g) in 2002 with no substantive changes. See Howell, 425 F.3d at 976 n.3. 4 Case: 17-11572 Date Filed: 12/04/2017 Page: 5 of 6
Additionally, Rule 41(g) motions filed after the close of all criminal
proceedings are treated as civil actions in equity. Howell, 425 F.3d at 974. Courts
have limited equitable jurisdiction to review agency forfeiture decisions. United
States v. Eubanks, 169 F.3d 672, 674 (11th Cir. 1999) (per curiam). Specifically,
“review is limited to determining whether the agency followed the proper
procedural safeguards” and cannot extend to the merits of the administrative
forfeiture. See Mesa Valderrama v. United States, 417 F.3d 1189, 1196 (11th Cir.
2005) (quotation omitted). Equitable jurisdiction also “does not lie where the
claimant has an adequate remedy at law.” Watkins, 120 F.3d at 256. Where
equitable jurisdiction does exist, it “must be exercised with caution and restraint”
and “is appropriate only when the petitioner’s conduct and the merits of his
petition require judicial review to prevent manifest injustice.” Eubanks, 169 F.3d
at 674.
III.
The district court did not err by denying Verdieu’s Rule 41(g) motion. The
$10,500 was administratively forfeited by the DEA and not retained for use as
evidence.
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Case: 17-11572 Date Filed: 12/04/2017 Page: 1 of 6
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 17-11572 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 2:11-cr-00066-JES-DNF-2
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
BARRY FRANZ VERDIEU,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida ________________________
(December 4, 2017)
Before WILSON, MARTIN, and JORDAN, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: Case: 17-11572 Date Filed: 12/04/2017 Page: 2 of 6
Barry Verdieu, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s denial of his
motion for return of property under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 41(g).
After careful review, we affirm.
I.
In June 2011, Verdieu and another man attempted to purchase 3,000
oxycodone pills for $10,500. United States v. Verdieu, 520 F. App’x 865, 865–66
(11th Cir. 2013) (unpublished) (per curiam). A jury found Verdieu guilty of one
count of conspiracy to possess oxycodone with the intent to distribute, in violation
of 21 U.S.C. § 846, and one count of carrying a firearm in relation to, or possessing
a firearm in furtherance of, a drug-trafficking crime, in violation of 18 U.S.C.
§§ 924(c)(1)(A)(i) and 2. Id. at 866. Verdieu appealed only his conviction on the
firearms charge, but this Court affirmed. Id. at 868.
Nearly four years after Verdieu’s unsuccessful appeal, he filed a motion for
return of property taken from him on the day of his arrest, pursuant to Rule 41(g).
He alleged that the property “ha[d] not been the subject of a criminal or civil
forfeiture proceeding,” and the government’s continued possession of it was thus
unlawful. He requested the district court “exercise[] its equitable jurisdiction and
make an evidentiary inquiry to . . . determine what happened to the property, and to
craft an appropriate remedy.” In a supporting affidavit, Verdieu identified the
$10,500 as the particular property of interest.
2 Case: 17-11572 Date Filed: 12/04/2017 Page: 3 of 6
The government’s response answered Verdieu’s question about what had
happened to his money: On October 20, 2011, the Drug Enforcement
Administration (“DEA”) administratively forfeited the money pursuant to 19
U.S.C. § 1609. Specifically, the attached “Declaration of Forfeiture” stated the
money had been seized pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 881 on the day of Verdieu’s arrest.
It also stated “[n]otice of the seizure ha[d] been sent to all known parties who may
have a legal or possessory interest in the property” and “ha[d] been published” in
accordance with the requirements of 19 U.S.C. § 1607. 1 When no claims were
filed within thirty days of the last publication, the DEA declared the money
forfeited to the United States under § 1609. The government’s response also stated
that, to challenge the forfeiture, Verdieu needed to file a motion under 18 U.S.C.
§ 983(e).
The district court denied Verdieu’s motion, concluding the administrative
forfeiture by the DEA rendered the court without “jurisdiction to provide the relief
requested.” Verdieu timely appealed. He argues the district court erred because he
did not consent to any administrative forfeiture during his criminal proceedings
and the court had the authority to entertain his Rule 41(g) motion. He also argues
he did not receive a copy of the government’s response to his Rule 41(g) motion
and thus “was prejudiced in being able to object, provide affidavit testimony,
1 The Declaration identified the owner of the $10,500 as Verdieu’s co-defendant, but stated the money had been seized from Verdieu. 3 Case: 17-11572 Date Filed: 12/04/2017 Page: 4 of 6
expand the record, or in any manner challenge the Government’s assertions.”
Finally, he contends that under Honeycutt v. United States, ___ U.S. ___, 137 S.
Ct. 1626 (2017), any criminal forfeiture of the money was improper for lack of
“proper consideration given to the income source for the acquisition of the
property.”
II.
On appeal from the denial of a Rule 41(g) motion, we review questions of
law de novo and factual findings for clear error. United States v. Howell, 425 F.3d
971, 973 (11th Cir. 2005). “[A] district court’s determination that it lacks the
authority to exercise equitable jurisdiction” is reviewed de novo. United States v.
Martinez, 241 F.3d 1329, 1330 (11th Cir. 2001).2 However, the “equitable
equation” of the district court’s decision to deny a Rule 41(g) motion is reviewed
for abuse of discretion. United States v. Machado, 465 F.3d 1301, 1307 (11th Cir.
2006), abrogated on other grounds as recognized in United States v. Lopez, 562
F.3d 1309, 1311–13 (11th Cir. 2009).
A person aggrieved by an unlawful search and seizure of property may move
for its return. Fed. R. Crim. P. 41(g). Rule 41(g) motions are unavailable when
property is seized pursuant to civil forfeiture instead of for use as evidence. United
States v. Watkins, 120 F.3d 254, 255 (11th Cir. 1997) (per curiam).
2 Martinez and other pre-2002 cases cited here addressed Rule 41(e), which was reclassified as Rule 41(g) in 2002 with no substantive changes. See Howell, 425 F.3d at 976 n.3. 4 Case: 17-11572 Date Filed: 12/04/2017 Page: 5 of 6
Additionally, Rule 41(g) motions filed after the close of all criminal
proceedings are treated as civil actions in equity. Howell, 425 F.3d at 974. Courts
have limited equitable jurisdiction to review agency forfeiture decisions. United
States v. Eubanks, 169 F.3d 672, 674 (11th Cir. 1999) (per curiam). Specifically,
“review is limited to determining whether the agency followed the proper
procedural safeguards” and cannot extend to the merits of the administrative
forfeiture. See Mesa Valderrama v. United States, 417 F.3d 1189, 1196 (11th Cir.
2005) (quotation omitted). Equitable jurisdiction also “does not lie where the
claimant has an adequate remedy at law.” Watkins, 120 F.3d at 256. Where
equitable jurisdiction does exist, it “must be exercised with caution and restraint”
and “is appropriate only when the petitioner’s conduct and the merits of his
petition require judicial review to prevent manifest injustice.” Eubanks, 169 F.3d
at 674.
III.
The district court did not err by denying Verdieu’s Rule 41(g) motion. The
$10,500 was administratively forfeited by the DEA and not retained for use as
evidence. Rule 41(g) therefore was not an appropriate vehicle for its return. See
Watkins, 120 F.3d at 255 (determining Rule 41(g) motion was unavailable when
money was administratively forfeited by the DEA).
5 Case: 17-11572 Date Filed: 12/04/2017 Page: 6 of 6
The court was also without equitable jurisdiction because Verdieu had an
adequate remedy at law. See id. at 256. Specifically, he could file a motion to set
aside the forfeiture under 18 U.S.C. § 983(e). See Mesa Valderrama, 417 F.3d at
1196 (“Section 983(e) is the exclusive remedy for seeking to set aside a declaration
of forfeiture under a civil forfeiture statute.” (quotation omitted)). We recognize
that Verdieu challenged the government’s retention of the money as unlawful
because he believed there had not been any forfeiture proceeding. This could
indicate he did not receive notice of the administrative forfeiture. However, he did
not allege this or any other DEA failure to follow proper procedural safeguards.
See id.
Verdieu’s contention that he never received the government’s response to
his Rule 41(g) motion does not give the district court jurisdiction. And in any
event, under the local rules of the district court, he was not entitled to file a reply.
See M.D. Fla. R. 3.01(c). Finally, Honeycutt does not provide relief to Verdieu as
it concerned criminal, not administrative, forfeiture. See Honeycutt, 137 S. Ct. at
1631 (“The statute at issue here—[21 U.S.C.] § 853—mandates forfeiture with
respect to persons convicted of certain serious drug crimes.”).
AFFIRMED.