United States v. Antonio Smith

Opinion

FILED NOT FOR PUBLICATION NOV 07 2018 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 17-10127

Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No. 2:16-cr-00090-JAM-2 v.

ANTONIO NICHOLAS SMITH, MEMORANDUM*

Defendant-Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California John A. Mendez, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted October 19, 2018 San Francisco, California

Before: HAWKINS and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges, and EATON,** Judge.

Appellant Antonio Smith appeals his conviction for felon in possession of a

firearm. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** Richard K. Eaton, Judge of the United States Court of International Trade, sitting by designation. There was no misconduct during Officer Morales’s testimony. Morales would

not acknowledge that a particular police report was his, but the confusion arose

because Morales was presented with three different versions of the report. The

prejudicial statements to which Smith objects—referencing a gang enhancement and

explaining Morales’s reason for concern after running the vehicle plates—were made

in passing, responsive to open-ended questions, and not emphasized by the

government in any way. Thus, there was no “deliberate deception of the court by the

presentation of false evidence,” United States v. Endicott, 869 F.2d 452, 455 (9th Cir.

1989), or intentional elicitation of forbidden material.

The government concedes that it made a misstatement during closing arguments

by referencing an altercation not in the record. However, this was an isolated sentence

that was part of a larger hypothetical focused on Smith’s flight from the scene;

defense counsel promptly objected and the court sustained the objection, instructing

the jury to disregard it. Any error was harmless.

The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Smith’s request for

discovery of an internal investigation of Morales in a different case. We have

reviewed the sealed materials provided by the government, United States v. Streit, 962

2 F.2d 894, 900 (9th Cir. 1982), and find no Brady1 or Giglio2 material in the report.3

The entire incident was dissimilar from Smith’s case, as it involved a foot chase, an

active carjacking with a victim inside, and the use of lethal force. Similarly, Smith’s

Confrontation Clause rights were not violated by the district court’s decision not to

allow Smith to question Morales about a case having little relevance to Smith’s case

and which would have created a risk of undue delay and a trial within a trial. Smith

also had ample opportunity to cross-examine Morales about his recollection of the

events surrounding Smith’s arrest. United States v. Cazares, 788 F.3d 956, 983-84

(9th Cir. 2015).

Nor was there an abuse of its discretion in excluding Smith’s proposed expert

on flight. United States v. Laurienti, 611 F.3d 530, 547 (9th Cir. 2010). We interpret

the court’s order as (1) the discretionary denial of the motion to allow the testimony

as untimely and (2) a separate ruling excluding the expert. The expert’s proffered

testimony was general and speculative; she had no experience with or opinion on

Smith specifically. Moreover, even if there were error, it was harmless, as defense

1 Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963). 2 Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S. 150 (1972). 3 The Motion to Submit a Sealed Document Under Seal and Ex Parte [Dkt. #41] is granted. 3 counsel was permitted to argue extensively to the jury that there were other reasons

for Smith to flee besides guilt, and the jury was also properly instructed on the issue.

The district court did not abuse its discretion by permitting testimony about the

nature and characteristics of the weapon found in the bag. Although the government

attempted to question the expert about this irrelevant information, each time it tried,

the defense objected and the court sustained the objection. Cf. Greer v. Miller, 483

U.S. 756, 766-67 (1987) (danger of prejudice from prosecutor’s improper question

ameliorated by immediate objection and curative instructions).

Even considered cumulatively, any errors were not sufficiently prejudicial so

as to require reversal. See United States v. Berry, 627 F.2d 193, 200–01 (9th Cir.

1980).

AFFIRMED.