United States v. $6, 999, 925.00 of Funds Associated With Velmur Mgmt. Pte LTD

368 F. Supp. 3d 10
CourtCourt of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit
DecidedMarch 22, 2019
DocketCivil Action No.: 17-1705 (RC)
StatusPublished
Cited by11 cases

This text of 368 F. Supp. 3d 10 (United States v. $6, 999, 925.00 of Funds Associated With Velmur Mgmt. Pte LTD) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. $6, 999, 925.00 of Funds Associated With Velmur Mgmt. Pte LTD, 368 F. Supp. 3d 10 (D.C. Cir. 2019).

Opinion

RUDOLPH CONTRERAS, United States District Judge

GRANTING IN PART PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT

I. INTRODUCTION

Plaintiff United States of America ("the government") seeks forfeiture and civil money penalties from two foreign companies that have allegedly acted as fronts for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea ("North Korea"). According to the government, these two companies-Velmur Management Pte. Ltd. ("Velmur") and Transatlantic Partners Pte. Ltd. ("Transatlantic")-made transactions on behalf of sanctioned North Korean entities, using the United States banking system, in contravention of federal law and United States sanctions on North Korea. Velmur failed to respond to the government's complaint, and the government *14asks this Court to enter a default judgment against it. For the reasons set forth below, the Court concludes that the government's factual allegations are sufficient to show that Velmur is liable for the offenses with which it is charged, that the government sent proper notice of this action to interested parties, and that the money the government claims under the forfeiture statute was involved in Velmur's offenses. However, the government's allegations support only a portion of the civil money penalty it seeks against Velmur. Thus, the Court grants the government's motion for default judgment in full with respect to the forfeiture, and in part with respect to civil money penalties.

II. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

This case began with an FBI investigation of Velmur and Transatlantic in connection with an alleged North Korean scheme to subvert international sanctions through the use of front companies. Compl. ¶ 1, ECF No. 1. According to the government: (1) North Korean banks directed Transatlantic and other front companies to send United States dollars to Velmur; (2) those front companies wired the money to Velmur, using United States banks as conduits; (3) Velmur then wired the money to a Russian gasoil supplier; which (4) shipped gasoil to North Korea. See id. ¶ 55. The government alleges that this scheme ran afoul of, among other laws, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ("IEEPA") and federal anti-money laundering and bank fraud statutes.1 The Court will briefly summarize those laws and then describe the alleged money laundering scheme in more detail.

A. Statutory and Regulatory Framework

1. The International Emergency Economic Powers Act

The IEEPA authorizes the President to "deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat ... to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States" from outside the United States. 50 U.S.C. § 1701(a). This authority includes the ability to investigate "transactions in [the] foreign exchange" or "the importing or exporting of currency." Id. § 1702(a)(1)(A). Exercising his IEEPA authority, President Bill Clinton issued Executive Order 12,938, which designates "Weapons of Mass Destruction" ("WMDs") as an "unusual and extraordinary threat" under the IEEPA. Exec. Order No. 12,938, 59 Fed. Reg. 58,099 (Nov. 14, 1994). Executive Order 13,382, issued a decade later, denies access to the United States banking system to anyone designated as a "proliferator" of WMDs. Exec. Order No. 13,382, 70 Fed. Reg. 38,567 (June 28, 2005). The "WMD Proliferators Sanctions Regulations," which implement Executive Order 13,382, "block" any property interests, including money and other financial instruments, belonging to or used in support of individuals and entities designated as WMD proliferators.2 31 C.F.R. §§ 544.201, 544.308. Those individuals and entities are placed on the "Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons" list (the "SDN" list) administered by the Department *15of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC"). See id. § 544.201(a). And Department of Treasury regulations bar the "provision of funds, goods, or services by, to, or for the benefit of any person" designated as an SDN, unless OFAC licenses the transactions. Id. § 544.201(b) ; see also id. §§ 544.202(c), 544.301, 544.405.

Section 206 of the IEEPA makes it "unlawful for a person to violate, attempt to violate, conspire to violate, or cause a violation of any license, order, regulation, or prohibition issued under" the IEEPA. 50 U.S.C. § 1705(a). And property "which constitutes or is derived from proceeds traceable to" a violation of the IEEPA is subject to forfeiture. 18 U.S.C. § 981(a)(1)(C). "This chain of interlocking statutes can thus be summarized as follows: property that 'constitutes or is derived from proceeds traceable to' violations of executive orders ... promulgated pursuant to the IEEPA is subject to forfeiture." In re 650 Fifth Avenue & Related Props. , 830 F.3d 66, 87 (2d Cir. 2016) (citing 18 U.S.C. §§ 981(a)(1)(C), 1956(c)(7)(D) ; 50 U.S.C. § 1705 ).

2. The Federal Anti-Money Laundering Statute

The federal anti-money laundering statute, 18 U.S.C.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
368 F. Supp. 3d 10, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-6-999-92500-of-funds-associated-with-velmur-mgmt-pte-cadc-2019.