Union Bank and Trust Co. v. Polkinghorne

1990 OK CIV APP 38, 801 P.2d 735, 13 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 445, 61 O.B.A.J. 3284, 1990 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 97, 1990 WL 198281
CourtCourt of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma
DecidedMay 15, 1990
Docket70709
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 1990 OK CIV APP 38 (Union Bank and Trust Co. v. Polkinghorne) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Union Bank and Trust Co. v. Polkinghorne, 1990 OK CIV APP 38, 801 P.2d 735, 13 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 445, 61 O.B.A.J. 3284, 1990 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 97, 1990 WL 198281 (Okla. Ct. App. 1990).

Opinions

MEMORANDUM OPINION

BAILEY, Judge:

Appellant John G. Polkinghorne (Appellant or Polkinghorne) seeks review of the Trial Court’s order granting summary judgment to Appellee Union Bank and Trust Company (Appellee or Bank) in Bank’s action to recover on a negotiable instrument, a check. The Trial Court found no factual controversy as to Bank’s status as a holder of the check in due course, i.e., taken for value, in good faith, and without notice of claims or defenses, and granted judgment to Bank.

Polkinghorne invested in a venture to be operated by Professional Training Resources (PTR), a customer of Bank and not a party to this action, and Polkinghorne issued a check in the sum of Twelve thousand five hundred dollars ($12,500.00) to PTR. PTR deposited the check in its account with Bank, the account then having a negative balance, and Bank allowed PTR to draw on the deposited sum. Polkinghorne later stopped payment on the check to PTR, having apparently received information-of PTR’s questionable financial status. Before Bank received notice of the stop-payment, PTR had withdrawn about $9,240.00 from its account.

Bank “charged back” the amount of Polkinghorne’s stopped check to PTR’s account, leaving PTR’s account with a $10,-000.00 negative balance. PTR negotiated a loan with Bank to cover the negative balance. Bank then commenced the instant suit against Polkinghorne to recover on the dishonored check, asserting its status as a holder in due course. Polkinghorne answered, admitting issuance of the negotiable instrument/check to PTR, negotiation of the check to Bank, and asserting the defenses of waiver, laches, failure of consideration and fraud in the inducement for issuance of the check to PTR.

Bank then moved for summary judgment, supported by an affidavit and deposition of two bank officers, establishing (1) PTR’s status as a Bank customer, (2) presentment and credit of the amount of the cheek to PTR’s account, (3) dishonor and return of the check upon presentment to Polkinghorne’s bank, and (4) prior to dishonor, PTR’s withdrawal of funds from the account. Bank thus argued these facts undisputedly established its status of hold[737]*737er in due course, and that Polkinghorne’s defenses were thus unavailing.

Polkinghorne responded, objecting to summary judgment. In support of his objection, Polkinghorne offered the deposition testimony of one of the Bank officers, establishing that PTR had a history of overdrawing its account with Bank, that Bank allowed PTR to withdraw funds from its account before collection of Polkinghorne’s check, that Bank subsequently loaned PTR sufficient funds to cover the overdrafts caused by dishonor of Polkinghorne’s check, and that after dishonor, PTR continued to' use its account with Bank and in the two months after dishonor of Polking-horne’s check, deposited over $36,000.00 in the account. Polkinghorne also offered his own affidavit asserting failure of consideration for and fraudulent inducement by PTR in issuance of the cheek.

Polkinghorne thus argued to the Trial Court, as he does to this Court on review, the establishment of controverted issues of material facts (1) concerning Bank’s status of holder in due course because the incidents of PTR’s overdraft history raised a fact question as to Bank’s good faith in giving value, i.e., allowing withdrawal of funds before collection of the check, (2) estoppel of Bank to recover against Polk-inghorne because Bank could have recouped its loss from PTR’s subsequent deposits, and (3) waiver by Bank of its right to proceed against Polkinghorne by charging back the amount of the check to PTR’s account and subsequently loaning PTR sufficient funds to cover the overdraft created by dishonor of Polkinghorne’s check, precluding summary judgment.

The Trial Court disagreed, finding no controversy of material fact as to Bank’s status as a holder in due course, and granted judgment to Bank on the issue of Polk-inghorne’s liability on the check. At non-jury trial, the Trial Court accepted evidence as to receipt of notice of dishonor by Bank, and Bank’s sustained damages. The Trial Court subsequently entered judgment for Bank in the sum of $9,240.29, the amount of PTR’s withdrawals before dishonor. Polkinghorne now appeals.

On review of orders granting or denying motions for summary judgment, “this court will examine the pleadings and evidentiary materials to determine what facts are material to [the] cause of action, and to determine whether the evidentiary materials introduced indicate whether there is a substantial controversy as to one material fact and that this fact is in the mov-ant’s favor.” Ross, by and through Ross v. City of Shawnee, 683 P.2d 535, 536 (Okl.1984). In other words, and even where the opposing party fails to respond to a motion for summary judgment, we must canvass the facts presented on summary judgment to determine if the motion is well-founded. Spirgis v. Circle K Stores, Inc., 743 P.2d 682, 684-685 (Okl.App.1987) (approved for publication by Supreme Court).

In his first allegation of error, Polk-inghorne asserts that the facts introduced on summary judgment show that Bank should be estopped to recover from him because of Bank’s failure to recoup the amount of the check from PTR’s subsequent deposits. We disagree. Clearly the Oklahoma Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), 12A O.S.1981 1-101 et seq., allows a holder of an instrument, in this case, Bank, to proceed against either the drawer, Polkinghorne, or the endorser, PTR. 12A O.S. § 3-507. Bank has not “recouped” any monies from its customer, PTR, from which Polkinghorne may benefit as argued by Polkinghorne. See also, Security Bank v. Whiting Turner Contr. Co., 277 A.2d 106 (D.C.1971). Rather, Bank has merely been repayed for conditional credit and advances to PTR made by Bank based on the prima facie strength of Polkinghorne’s unconditional promise to pay, later dishonored.

In his second proposition, Polking-horne argues that the facts on summary judgment show that Bank has waived its right to proceed against him by making the subsequent loan to PTR to cover PTR’s overdrawn account, and thus Bank has been restored to its original position. “Waiver is the intentional relinquishment of a known right or conduct which war[738]*738rants an inference of such intent_ Prudential Fire Ins. Co. v. Trave-Taylor Co., 194 Okl. 394, 152 P.2d 273 (1944).” Crowell v. Thoreau Center, Partnership, 631 P.2d 751, 752 (Okl.1981). The evidence adduced by either party on summary judgment does not support a conclusion or inference of intentional relinquishment of a known right by Bank on which reasonable men might differ, and we therefore reject this allegation.

As to Polkinghorne’s third allegation of error regarding Bank’s status of holder in due course, we initially note that there is no question that Polkinghorne’s check to PTR constitutes a negotiable instrument, that PTR negotiated the check to Bank, that Polkinghorne stopped payment on his check to PTR, and that the check was dishonored upon presentment thereof by Bank to Polkinghorne’s bank. 12A O.S. § 3-104; 12A O.S. § 3-202; 12A O.S. § 3-508. Bank’s asserted status as a holder in due course, rendering Polkinghorne’s personal defenses of failure of consideration and fraud against PTR unavailing as against Bank, is governed by 12A O.S. §§ 3-302, 3-305, which provide in pertinent part:

(1) A holder in due course is a holder who takes the instrument

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Union Bank and Trust Co. v. Polkinghorne
1990 OK CIV APP 38 (Court of Civil Appeals of Oklahoma, 1990)

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1990 OK CIV APP 38, 801 P.2d 735, 13 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 445, 61 O.B.A.J. 3284, 1990 Okla. Civ. App. LEXIS 97, 1990 WL 198281, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/union-bank-and-trust-co-v-polkinghorne-oklacivapp-1990.