Trust Co. Bank of Augusta N.A. v. Henderson

364 S.E.2d 289, 185 Ga. App. 367, 6 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 167, 1987 Ga. App. LEXIS 2508
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedDecember 4, 1987
Docket74695
StatusPublished
Cited by19 cases

This text of 364 S.E.2d 289 (Trust Co. Bank of Augusta N.A. v. Henderson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Trust Co. Bank of Augusta N.A. v. Henderson, 364 S.E.2d 289, 185 Ga. App. 367, 6 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 167, 1987 Ga. App. LEXIS 2508 (Ga. Ct. App. 1987).

Opinions

Sognier, Judge.

James S. Henderson instituted action against Trust Company Bank of Augusta N.A. to recover funds allegedly misappropriated from Henderson’s business by an employee and converted by the bank when it allowed the employee to endorse in blank checks made payable to the business, and cash them or deposit them to a personal checking account. The case was tried by a jury and at the close of the evidence, the trial court directed a verdict in favor of Henderson as to the checks cashed by the bank, in the amount of $5,239, and denied the bank’s motion for a directed verdict as to Henderson’s claim for attorney fees and liability for the proceeds of the checks deposited in the employee’s personal checking account. These issues were submitted to the jury, which returned a verdict for Henderson for $66,161, representing the amount of the deposited checks, plus interest, and [368]*368for attorney fees, which the parties stipulated were $12,500. The trial court entered judgment accordingly, and the bank appeals.

The record reveals that appellee owned and operated a Ramada Inn in Augusta, Georgia. In the fall of 1984, appellee hired Thomas Muia for the position of general manager of the inn. It was part of Muia’s responsibility as general manager to handle personnel, purchasing, and daily supervision of operations, including depositing operating revenues of the business into one of Ramada Inn’s two bank accounts: the regular account, or the special account used to pay such items as musician fees, liquor bills, and other hotel expenses which were not charged. He was specifically authorized by appellee to endorse all checks either with a rubber stamp provided for that purpose, or by running them through the hotel’s cash register, both of which provided a restrictive endorsement for deposit to the Ramada Inn’s accounts. Muia had authority to write checks on the special account, but not on the regular account. In connection with his banking duties, Muia was introduced by appellee to the personnel at appellant’s branch handling the Ramada Inn accounts and soon thereafter opened a personal checking account.

In February of 1985, Muia deposited to his personal account three checks made payable to Ramada Inn which he had endorsed by hand, in blank, both on behalf of the Ramada Inn and himself, and also containing his personal account number. Thereafter, from June through November, 1985, Muia made deposits to his personal account consisting of charge reimbursement checks from American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc., all made payable to Ramada Inn and all endorsed in blank on behalf of Ramada Inn by Muia. Some also bore Muia’s endorsement or account number. On one occasion, a teller questioned her supervisor regarding a Ramada Inn check Muia sought to deposit into his personal account, and was told it was proper. Other transactions typically were not questioned. One transaction was a “split deposit,” in which some cash was disbursed and the remainder deposited; one American Express check was cashed by Muia with the approval of appellant’s branch manager, rather than deposited to his personal account. The total amount of the checks either cashed or deposited was over $71,000.

1. Appellant contends the trial court erred by denying its motion for directed verdict with regard to its liability for the proceeds of the checks deposited to Muia’s personal account because OCGA § 7-1-352 (a) protects the bank from liability to appellant. OCGA § 7-1-352 (a) provides that “[w]henever any agent, administrator, executor, guardian, trustee, either express or implied, or other fiduciary, whether bona fide or mala fide, shall deposit any money in any bank to his credit as an individual, or as such agent, trustee, or other fiduciary, whether the name of the person or corporation for whom he is acting [369]*369or purporting to act be given or not, such bank shall be authorized to pay the amount of such deposit, or any part thereof, upon the order of such agent, administrator, executor, guardian, trustee, or other fiduciary, signed with the name in which such deposit was entered, without being accountable in any way to the principal, cestui que trust, or other person or corporation who may be entitled to or interested in the amount so deposited.” We do not agree that OCGA § 7-1-352 (a) is the statute which governs this case. As this court pointed out in Bank South v. Grand Lodge &c. for Ga., 174 Ga. App. 777, 780 (331 SE2d 629) (1985), the legislative history of OCGA § 7-1-352 (a), resting in common law adhered to by this State for almost a century, indicates that the statute means simply that “ ‘[w]hen a trustee [or agent or other fiduciary] deposits money in a bank, the bank has a right to assume that the money so deposited will be applied by the trustee [or agent or other fiduciary] to the proper purposes under the trust, and acting under this assumption it may lawfully pay the checks drawn by the person depositing the money, whether signed in his representative capacity or not.’ ” Had Muia deposited the checks in question in the case sub judice into the Ramada Inn special account (on which he had been authorized to write checks), and then proceeded unlawfully to enrich himself by writing checks on that account made payable to himself, we could agree with appellant that the bank would be protected by OCGA § 7-1-352 (a). However, such is not the case. The record indicates that appellee’s claim against the bank is based on the bank’s acceptance for deposit into Muia’s personal checking account of checks made payable to Ramada Inn.

Contrary to appellant’s argument, National Factor &c. Corp. v. State Bank of Cochran, 224 Ga. 535 (163 SE2d 817) (1968), is inapposite. Rather than supporting the claim made by the appellant, that case supports the distinction we draw here. In National Factor, the plaintiff sought to recover from the bank which paid checks drawn by one who had diverted the plaintiff’s funds to the embezzler’s account. Thus Code Ann. § 13-2042, the predecessor of OCGA § 7-1-352, was appropriately relied on there. The facts in National Factor, supra, are further distinguishable from those here as the embezzler there was the proprietor and operator of a closely held family business, and there was far less reason for the bank to be aware that anything untoward was taking place.

In the case at bar, Muia’s endorsements on the checks deposited into his personal account were “forged” because, with intent to defraud, he knowingly signed and presented the checks so as to give the appearance of authority from appellee, which he did not have. See OCGA § 16-9-2 (a).

By accepting the checks for deposit into Muia’s personal account, the bank converted appellee’s funds. OCGA § 11-3-419 (1) (c). OCGA [370]

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Trust Co. Bank of Augusta N.A. v. Henderson
364 S.E.2d 289 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 1987)

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Bluebook (online)
364 S.E.2d 289, 185 Ga. App. 367, 6 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 167, 1987 Ga. App. LEXIS 2508, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/trust-co-bank-of-augusta-na-v-henderson-gactapp-1987.