Trimble v. Itz

898 S.W.2d 370, 1995 Tex. App. LEXIS 1056, 1995 WL 131795
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedMarch 29, 1995
Docket04-94-00108-CV
StatusPublished
Cited by27 cases

This text of 898 S.W.2d 370 (Trimble v. Itz) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Trimble v. Itz, 898 S.W.2d 370, 1995 Tex. App. LEXIS 1056, 1995 WL 131795 (Tex. Ct. App. 1995).

Opinions

HARDBERGER, Justice.

This is an appeal from a partial summary judgment granted in favor of Charles Itz, Individually, d/b/a Itz Electric Co. (“Itz”). The appellants also appeal from an order imposing “death penalty” sanctions against them. The primary issue in this appeal is whether an insurance company may assume the consumer status of its subrogee for purposes of bringing a claim under the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act.

Background

On August 25, 1990, the Trimble’s home caught fire which led to the destruction of most of the home and its contents. The home was constructed by Harold E. Hall Construction Co. (“Hall”) in 1986 with the electrical work being done by Itz. State Farm Lloyds, Inc. reimbursed its insureds, the Trimbles, $537,760.83 towards their losses. State Farm Lloyds brought suit against these appellees and other defendants in the Trimbles’ name as their subrogee. The causes of action alleged against Hall and Itz include breach of contract, breach of warranty, negligence and violations of the Deceptive Trade Practices Act.

Hall and Itz filed a Joint Motion for Summary Judgment and Motion for Rule 13 Sanctions. Itz also filed a separate motion for summary judgment asserting that an insurance company is not a “consumer” under the DTPA. The Joint Motion for Summary Judgment was denied and the Joint Motion for Rule 13 Sanctions was granted. Itz’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment on the lack of consumer status for the insurance company was granted. The trial court entered an order severing the summary judgment and the sanctions order. The sanctions included striking State Farm’s (the Trim-bles’) pleadings and a take nothing judgment was entered in favor of Hall and Itz. The sanctions order also awarded Hall and Itz attorney’s fees. State Farm appeals from the partial summary judgment order and from the sanctions order. The judgment is reversed in part and affirmed in part.

Status of State Farm under DTPA

In its first point of error appellants allege that the trial court erred in granting HalTs partial summary judgment because State Farm was entitled to sue through its insureds for damages under the DTPA.

Although this action is styled Duff and Estella Trimble v. Itz, et al., it is undisputed that State Farm Lloyds is actually the plaintiff pursuing this claim as subrogee of the Trimbles. Appellant argues that due to its subrogation rights, it may sue under the DTPA in the name of its insureds and claim their consumer status. Appellant’s reasoning is that in a subrogation relationship the insurance company receives the rights of its insured to the extent of payments made under the insurance contract. State Farm ar[372]*372gues that as subrogor, it may step into its insured’s shoes and assume their consumer status for purposes of the DTPA.

It is undisputed that only a “consumer” has standing to maintain a private cause of action for a violation of the Deceptive Trade Practices Act. Tex.Bus. & Comm.Code Ann. § 17.41, et seq.; Flenniken v. Longview Bank and Trust Co., 661 S.W.2d 705, 706 (Tex.1983). A consumer is defined as follows:

Consumer means an individual, partnership, corporation, this state, or a subdivision or agent of this state who seeks or acquires by purchase or lease, any goods or services except that the term does not include a business consumer that has assets of $25 million or more, or that is owned or controlled by a corporation of entities with assets of $25 million or more.

Tex.Bus. & Comm.Code § 17.45(4) (Vernon 1987). It is also undisputed that State Farm has assets in excess of $25 million and does not have consumer standing under the DTPA. However, State Farm argues that due to the nature of its claim for subrogation, it does not need to satisfy the definition of consumer under the DTPA. Instead, it assumes the Trimbles’ consumer status as part of its subrogation rights. We do not agree.

The legislature defined business consumer as an entity with less than $25 million in assets. The legislature specifically defined which individuals and entities have standing to assert private claims for violations of the DTPA. State Farm does not qualify. The legislature made no exceptions for subrogees. It is fair to assume that many if not most subrogees will have assets in excess of $25 million like State Farm. To read into the DTPA such a provision would expand the DTPA far beyond what the legislature intended. “It is a rale of statutory construction that every word of a statute must be presumed to have been used for a purpose. (Citation omitted). Likewise, we believe every word excluded from a statute must also be presumed to have been excluded for a purpose. Only when it is necessary to give effect to clear legislative intent can we insert additional words or requirements into a statutory provision.” Cameron v. Terrell & Garrett, Inc., 618 S.W.2d 535, 540 (Tex.1981). We see no reason to judicially engraft an exception for subrogees to the DTPA’s requirement of less than $25 million in assets to assert a claim.

Furthermore, State Farm has failed to bring forward any cases which hold that a subrogee which cannot satisfy the definition of consumer in its own right may assume the consumer status of its subrogor for purposes of bringing a DTPA claim. State Farm directs this court’s attention to McAllen State Bank v. Linbeck Construction Corp., 695 S.W.2d 10 (Tex.App. — Corpus Christi 1985, writ refd n.r.e.). However, that case does not support State Farm’s position. There, the bank/subrogor brought a DTPA action and qualified as a consumer in its own right. The bank’s insurer/subrogee intervened in the action and asserted its subrogation claim. The court held that the intervenor was entitled to recover only to the extent of its payment to the bank. Id. at 24, n. 5. McAl-len State Bank did not involve a subrogee bringing a DTPA claim and asserting its subrogor’s consumer status. That case also highlights the traditional method for an insurer to assert its subrogation claim. Nothing in our opinion today prohibits an insurer from pursuing a valid subrogation claim in a DTPA lawsuit brought by its insured/subro-gor.

We hold that State Farm does not qualify as a consumer in its own right and may not assume the consumer status of its insured/subrogor for purposes of pursuing a DTPA claim. We overrule State Farm’s first point of error and affirm the trial court’s granting of a partial summary judgment.

“Death Penalty” Sanctions

In its second point of error, appellant complains that the trial court erred and abused its discretion by granting “death penalty” sanctions because they were not just and reasonable. In this case, the trial court granted the defendant’s Motion for Rule 13 Sanctions and struck the plaintiffs’ pleadings.

Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 13 directs the trial court to impose appropriate sanctions available under rule 215(2)(b) if a plead-[373]*373mg, motion or other paper is groundless and brought in bad faith or for purposes of harassment. See Susman Godfrey, L.L.P. v. Marshall, 832 S.W.2d 105, 108 (Tex.App.— Dallas 1992, orig. proceeding).

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Trimble v. Itz
898 S.W.2d 370 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1995)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
898 S.W.2d 370, 1995 Tex. App. LEXIS 1056, 1995 WL 131795, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/trimble-v-itz-texapp-1995.