Tri-Star Pictures, Inc. v. Leisure Time Productions, B.V.

17 F.3d 38, 1994 U.S. App. LEXIS 3052, 1994 WL 51712
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedFebruary 17, 1994
DocketNo. 375, Docket 93-7361
StatusPublished
Cited by17 cases

This text of 17 F.3d 38 (Tri-Star Pictures, Inc. v. Leisure Time Productions, B.V.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Tri-Star Pictures, Inc. v. Leisure Time Productions, B.V., 17 F.3d 38, 1994 U.S. App. LEXIS 3052, 1994 WL 51712 (2d Cir. 1994).

Opinion

MINER, Circuit Judge:

Defendant-third-party-plaintiff-appellant

Leisure Time Productions, B.V. (“Leisure Time”) appeals from a summary judgment entered on March 24, 1993 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Edelstein, J.) in favor of plaintiff-appellee Tri-Star Pictures, Inc. (“Tri-Star”) in an action brought under the Declaratory Judgment Act, 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201 & 2202, declaring the contract for distribution of Leisure Time’s motion picture [40]*40terminated, and dismissing Leisure Time’s counterclaims for breach of contract and unfair competition. The district court also dismissed third-party claims by Leisure Time against Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (“CPU”) and Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc. (“CPEI”) to recover for unfair competition. Tri-Star brought the action to declare terminated a distribution agreement (“Distribution Agreement”) it had entered into with Leisure Time for the distribution of a motion picture produced by Leisure Time. On appeal, Leisure Time primarily contends that the district court erred in granting summary judgment because it failed to consider certain provisions of the distribution agreement in determining whether genuine issues of material fact were presented. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

BACKGROUND

The titles of two motion pictures, “The Bridge on the River Kwai” (“Bridge”) and “Return from the River Kwai” (“Return”), give rise to the conflict among the parties in this case. Bridge was produced in 1956 by the late Sam Spiegel through two corporations he controlled, Horizon-American Pictures, Inc. and Horizon G.B. Ltd. (“Horizon”). Academy Pictures, AG. (“Academy”) is the successor in interest to Albatross Trust, which received from Horizon in 1956 the right to certain royalty payments in connection with the distribution of Bridge. In 1959, CPU acquired the copyright to Bridge, subject to Academy’s existing royalty interest.1 Later that year, CPU and Academy entered into an agreement to resolve claims regarding royalty payments due Academy. As a result, Academy’s royalty rates were increased and its rights extended to include revenue from the United States and Canada. Academy also agreed not to sue CPU for claims relating to Bridge except for claims arising out of its rights under the agreement, including royalty payments.

Leisure Time (through its predecessor in interest, Screenlife Establishment) acquired in 1978 all motion picture rights in a book entitled Return from the River Kwai. In a 1987 letter to Kurt Unger, the producer of Return, Hollywood agent Paul Kohner indicated that the rights to Return had first been offered to Spiegel. According to Kohner, Spiegel declined the opportunity to purchase the motion picture rights to Return. Albert Heit, the long-time attorney for Spiegel, Horizon and Academy, testified during his deposition in this action that, while he and Spiegel had discussed the book and its legal ramifications, they never discussed a motion picture based on the book and Spiegel never informed him that he had been offered the motion picture rights. Heit also testified that Spiegel ordinarily would have informed him of such an offer.

The acquisition of the motion picture rights in Return was publicized in the Hollywood trade press. Leisure Time also registered the title Return with the Motion Picture Association of America (“MPAA”). This registration was published in the MPAA’s daily title registration listing service, which was mailed to all subscribers of the service. Both CPU and Horizon subscribed to this service. The MPAA rules then in effect enabled any member to protest a newly registered title within seven days of receiving notice of the registration. CPU, a member of the MPAA, protested the registration of Return on the ground of harmful similarity. The protest was not considered by the MPAA because it was received a few days late, but it was published by the MPAA in its daily listing service. After registering the title, Leisure Time commenced pre-production activities. According to Unger, Leisure Time spent approximately two million dollars between 1978 and 1988 in various pre-pro-duction activities such as selecting actors, directors, screenwriters and distributors, and arranging for financing and film sites.

In July of 1986, Tri-Star and Leisure Time entered into the Distribution Agreement, under which Leisure Time promised to deliver Return to Tri-Star and, in turn, Tri-Star obligated itself to distribute Return in the United States and Canada. Leisure Time [41]*41represented and warranted that it would provide Return for distribution free of any claims that “can or will” impair or interfere with the rights of Tri-Star. The Distribution Agreement also provided for termination upon Leisure Time’s breach of any warranty which “materially affect[ed]” the rights of Tri-Star thereunder. Additionally, the Distribution Agreement provided that Leisure Time would indemnify Tri-Star for any claims caused by a breach of the Distribution Agreement and also required Leisure Time to procure errors and omissions insurance (“E & 0” insurance) to protect against trademark claims.

Early in June of 1987, Ronald N. Jacobi, then Senior Vice President and General Counsel of CPU, telephoned Heit to advise him that Leisure Time was planning to produce a motion picture entitled “Return from the River Kwai.” Jacobi thereafter sent a letter dated June 9, 1987 to Heit suggesting that they take action concerning this motion picture. Heit says that he was unaware of Return prior to being contacted by Jacobi. He also indicated that he could find no information suggesting that Academy had any prior knowledge of Return.

In a letter dated June 15, 1987, Jacobi demanded on behalf of CPU and Horizon that Unger cease and desist from any further use of the name “Return from the River Kwai” or action would be taken to protect the rights of CPU and Horizon in “Bridge on the River Kwai.” Jacobi explained that CPU and Horizon believed that there were trademark and unfair competition problems with the use of the Return title. Further correspondence between the parties failed to result in a resolution.

Filming of Return commenced in February of 1988. In June of 1988, Roger Faxon, a senior executive at CPU, wrote to Tri-Star’s president, David Matalón, to inquire whether Tri-Star could persuade Leisure Time to change the title of Return to prevent the risk of a lawsuit by Academy. Matalón, in turn, wrote Leisure Time in September of 1988 and stated that, upon the advice of outside counsel and Tri-Star’s legal department, there was a substantial risk that the Spiegel interests would prevail in a suit to enjoin the release of Return.

Subsequently, in October of 1988, Leisure Time offered to change the title of the motion picture to “March from the River Kwai” and to add a disclaimer stating that' the film was not a sequel to Bridge. In a November 2, 1988 letter, Jacobi, then Senior Vice President and General Counsel of CPEI, informed Academy that this proposal provided an excellent compromise to avoid unnecessary litigation and that it was unlikely that a court would consider granting any further relief.

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Bluebook (online)
17 F.3d 38, 1994 U.S. App. LEXIS 3052, 1994 WL 51712, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/tri-star-pictures-inc-v-leisure-time-productions-bv-ca2-1994.