2025 IL App (1st) 241306-U No. 1-24-1306 Order filed October 31, 2025 FIFTH DIVISION
NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1). ______________________________________________________________________________ IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS FIRST DISTRICT ______________________________________________________________________________ HERIBERTO TREVINO, JR., ) Appeal from the ) Circuit Court of Plaintiff-Appellant, ) Cook County, ) Chancery Division. v. ) ) No. 23 CH 5167 THE RETIREMENT BOARD OF THE POLICEMEN’S ) ANNUITY AND BENEFIT FUND OF THE CITY OF ) CHICAGO, ) ) Honorable Defendant-Appellee. ) Cecilia A. Horan, ) Judge, presiding.
PRESIDING JUSTICE MITCHELL delivered the judgment of the court. Justice Mikva and Justice Tailor concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The police retirement board’s denial of plaintiff’s claim for duty disability pension benefits was not against the manifest weight of the evidence, so we affirm.
¶2 Plaintiff Heriberto Trevino, Jr., a retired Chicago police officer, appeals the decision of the
Retirement Board of the Policemen’s Annuity and Benefit Fund of the City of Chicago to deny
plaintiff’s application for duty disability benefits for the time frame of September 28, 2020, to No. 1-24-1306
March 1, 2022, under the Illinois Pension Code (40 ILCS 5/5‐101 et seq. (West 2022)). The end
result is that plaintiff was awarded an ordinary disability benefit for the period worth 50% of his
salary, rather than 75%. Plaintiff contends that the Board’s decision was against the manifest
weight of the evidence where it relied on a faulty medical opinion to conclude that plaintiff’s
cervical spine injuries and subsequent opioid treatment were not the result of injuries that plaintiff
sustained while arresting a suspect on December 6, 2015.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 Plaintiff had sustained multiple work-related injuries prior to the December 6, 2015,
incident at issue here. In December 2012, plaintiff hyperextended his right shoulder while
apprehending a suspect, which required surgery. He herniated discs in his neck in January 2014;
it is not evident from the medical records whether the disc injuries were attributable to a specific
work-related incident. On October 14, 2014, plaintiff tore the rotator cuff in his right shoulder
while tackling and handcuffing a subject. Plaintiff returned to duty after each injury.
¶5 On December 6, 2015, plaintiff responded to a domestic battery call and injured his right
shoulder, arm, and hand while subduing a subject who resisted arrest. Plaintiff was treated by Dr.
Ho. After a course of physical therapy and steroid injections, Dr. Ho operated on plaintiff’s
shoulder on August 11, 2016, to repair his rotator cuff. He was prescribed physical therapy to
recover.
¶6 In February 2017, plaintiff passed a firearms training test, which indicated that he was
medically cleared to return to work. However, plaintiff continued to experience pain and was
concerned that he could not perform his duties. He was prescribed 20 Norco pills, an opioid
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medication, by Dr. Harsoor in March 2017. Dr. Harsoor instructed him to take it only on days that
he underwent physical therapy. Plaintiff’s primary care provider separately prescribed 120 pills.
¶7 Approximately six months later, in October 2017, doctors at the Illinois Spine and Scoliosis
Center diagnosed plaintiff with disc injuries in his neck. He was initially treated with physical
therapy. In June 2018, however, Dr. Malhotra began managing plaintiff’s pain and ordered plaintiff
to take significantly more Norco than what Dr. Harsoor had prescribed to recover from shoulder
surgery.
¶8 Eventually, in May 2019, doctors operated on plaintiff’s spine to repair the discs in his
neck. After surgery, a new pain management specialist, Dr. Glaser, continued to prescribe opioids
and recommended that he take Norco one or two times a day every six to eight hours. Plaintiff was
unable to return to work because the opioids made it impossible to perform his duties.
¶9 However, plaintiff returned to work on March 1, 2022, while continuing to take high doses
of the medication. He was assigned desk duty, continued to experience pain, and eventually retired
about a year later on March 13, 2023.
¶ 10 At the hearing, plaintiff testified that he injured his spine during the December 6, 2015,
arrest. He offered documentary evidence that confirmed that plaintiff indeed suffered injuries to
his shoulder, arm, and hand during the incident.
¶ 11 The Board received a report from its independent medical examiner, Dr. Levin, who opined
that based on his medical records, plaintiff did not suffer spinal injuries on October 14, 2014, or
December 6, 2015.
¶ 12 The parties stipulated that plaintiff’s daughter would testify that, “because of the high
levels of medication,” since December 2015, and not before, plaintiff was “pretty much
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incapacitated” to the point that she had to drive him, help him write, and accompany him to
meetings with counsel.
¶ 13 The Board voted three-to-three on plaintiff’s claim. Accordingly, plaintiff was not awarded
duty disability benefits under the Pension Code, which requires a majority vote to award benefits.
40 ILCS 5/5-182. Plaintiff timely filed a petition for administrative review in the circuit court
under the Administrative Review Law (735 ILCS 5/3-101 et seq. (West 2022)). The circuit court
affirmed the Board’s decision. This timely appeal followed. Ill. S. Ct. R. 303 (eff. July 1, 2017).
¶ 14 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 15 On appeal, plaintiff contends that the Board’s decision to deny duty disability benefits was
against the manifest weight of the evidence where the Board heavily credited Dr. Levin’s report,
which plaintiff contends evaluated the wrong injury. Plaintiff also argues the Board failed to make
a finding as to whether his injuries arose from an act of duty. The Board maintains that plaintiff
did not produce any evidence that his spinal injuries and subsequent opioid treatment were caused
by the December 6, 2015, incident—apart from plaintiff’s testimony.
¶ 16 In administrative review, we review the decision of the administrative agency rather than
the circuit court, and our review extends to all questions of fact and law presented by the record.
Shirley v. Village of Clarendon Hills Police Pension Fund, 2024 IL App (3d) 230257, ¶ 17.
Plaintiff urges a clearly erroneous standard under the theory that the Board’s interpretation of act
of duty is a question of law. Indeed, mixed questions of fact and law are reviewed under the clearly
erroneous standard, and an administrative agency’s interpretation of “act of duty” would be a
question of law. Gilliam v. Board of Trustees of City of Pontiac Police Pension Fund, 2018 IL
App (4th) 170232, ¶¶ 20, 24. However, here, the issue does not turn on an interpretation of “act of
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duty”; the parties do not dispute whether plaintiff was performing an act of duty when he
apprehended the suspect on December 6, 2015. Rather, “the sole issue is whether a work-related
incident is a cause of a claimant’s disability ***.” Carrillo v. Park Ridge Firefighters’ Pension
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2025 IL App (1st) 241306-U No. 1-24-1306 Order filed October 31, 2025 FIFTH DIVISION
NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1). ______________________________________________________________________________ IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS FIRST DISTRICT ______________________________________________________________________________ HERIBERTO TREVINO, JR., ) Appeal from the ) Circuit Court of Plaintiff-Appellant, ) Cook County, ) Chancery Division. v. ) ) No. 23 CH 5167 THE RETIREMENT BOARD OF THE POLICEMEN’S ) ANNUITY AND BENEFIT FUND OF THE CITY OF ) CHICAGO, ) ) Honorable Defendant-Appellee. ) Cecilia A. Horan, ) Judge, presiding.
PRESIDING JUSTICE MITCHELL delivered the judgment of the court. Justice Mikva and Justice Tailor concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The police retirement board’s denial of plaintiff’s claim for duty disability pension benefits was not against the manifest weight of the evidence, so we affirm.
¶2 Plaintiff Heriberto Trevino, Jr., a retired Chicago police officer, appeals the decision of the
Retirement Board of the Policemen’s Annuity and Benefit Fund of the City of Chicago to deny
plaintiff’s application for duty disability benefits for the time frame of September 28, 2020, to No. 1-24-1306
March 1, 2022, under the Illinois Pension Code (40 ILCS 5/5‐101 et seq. (West 2022)). The end
result is that plaintiff was awarded an ordinary disability benefit for the period worth 50% of his
salary, rather than 75%. Plaintiff contends that the Board’s decision was against the manifest
weight of the evidence where it relied on a faulty medical opinion to conclude that plaintiff’s
cervical spine injuries and subsequent opioid treatment were not the result of injuries that plaintiff
sustained while arresting a suspect on December 6, 2015.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 Plaintiff had sustained multiple work-related injuries prior to the December 6, 2015,
incident at issue here. In December 2012, plaintiff hyperextended his right shoulder while
apprehending a suspect, which required surgery. He herniated discs in his neck in January 2014;
it is not evident from the medical records whether the disc injuries were attributable to a specific
work-related incident. On October 14, 2014, plaintiff tore the rotator cuff in his right shoulder
while tackling and handcuffing a subject. Plaintiff returned to duty after each injury.
¶5 On December 6, 2015, plaintiff responded to a domestic battery call and injured his right
shoulder, arm, and hand while subduing a subject who resisted arrest. Plaintiff was treated by Dr.
Ho. After a course of physical therapy and steroid injections, Dr. Ho operated on plaintiff’s
shoulder on August 11, 2016, to repair his rotator cuff. He was prescribed physical therapy to
recover.
¶6 In February 2017, plaintiff passed a firearms training test, which indicated that he was
medically cleared to return to work. However, plaintiff continued to experience pain and was
concerned that he could not perform his duties. He was prescribed 20 Norco pills, an opioid
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medication, by Dr. Harsoor in March 2017. Dr. Harsoor instructed him to take it only on days that
he underwent physical therapy. Plaintiff’s primary care provider separately prescribed 120 pills.
¶7 Approximately six months later, in October 2017, doctors at the Illinois Spine and Scoliosis
Center diagnosed plaintiff with disc injuries in his neck. He was initially treated with physical
therapy. In June 2018, however, Dr. Malhotra began managing plaintiff’s pain and ordered plaintiff
to take significantly more Norco than what Dr. Harsoor had prescribed to recover from shoulder
surgery.
¶8 Eventually, in May 2019, doctors operated on plaintiff’s spine to repair the discs in his
neck. After surgery, a new pain management specialist, Dr. Glaser, continued to prescribe opioids
and recommended that he take Norco one or two times a day every six to eight hours. Plaintiff was
unable to return to work because the opioids made it impossible to perform his duties.
¶9 However, plaintiff returned to work on March 1, 2022, while continuing to take high doses
of the medication. He was assigned desk duty, continued to experience pain, and eventually retired
about a year later on March 13, 2023.
¶ 10 At the hearing, plaintiff testified that he injured his spine during the December 6, 2015,
arrest. He offered documentary evidence that confirmed that plaintiff indeed suffered injuries to
his shoulder, arm, and hand during the incident.
¶ 11 The Board received a report from its independent medical examiner, Dr. Levin, who opined
that based on his medical records, plaintiff did not suffer spinal injuries on October 14, 2014, or
December 6, 2015.
¶ 12 The parties stipulated that plaintiff’s daughter would testify that, “because of the high
levels of medication,” since December 2015, and not before, plaintiff was “pretty much
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incapacitated” to the point that she had to drive him, help him write, and accompany him to
meetings with counsel.
¶ 13 The Board voted three-to-three on plaintiff’s claim. Accordingly, plaintiff was not awarded
duty disability benefits under the Pension Code, which requires a majority vote to award benefits.
40 ILCS 5/5-182. Plaintiff timely filed a petition for administrative review in the circuit court
under the Administrative Review Law (735 ILCS 5/3-101 et seq. (West 2022)). The circuit court
affirmed the Board’s decision. This timely appeal followed. Ill. S. Ct. R. 303 (eff. July 1, 2017).
¶ 14 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 15 On appeal, plaintiff contends that the Board’s decision to deny duty disability benefits was
against the manifest weight of the evidence where the Board heavily credited Dr. Levin’s report,
which plaintiff contends evaluated the wrong injury. Plaintiff also argues the Board failed to make
a finding as to whether his injuries arose from an act of duty. The Board maintains that plaintiff
did not produce any evidence that his spinal injuries and subsequent opioid treatment were caused
by the December 6, 2015, incident—apart from plaintiff’s testimony.
¶ 16 In administrative review, we review the decision of the administrative agency rather than
the circuit court, and our review extends to all questions of fact and law presented by the record.
Shirley v. Village of Clarendon Hills Police Pension Fund, 2024 IL App (3d) 230257, ¶ 17.
Plaintiff urges a clearly erroneous standard under the theory that the Board’s interpretation of act
of duty is a question of law. Indeed, mixed questions of fact and law are reviewed under the clearly
erroneous standard, and an administrative agency’s interpretation of “act of duty” would be a
question of law. Gilliam v. Board of Trustees of City of Pontiac Police Pension Fund, 2018 IL
App (4th) 170232, ¶¶ 20, 24. However, here, the issue does not turn on an interpretation of “act of
-4- No. 1-24-1306
duty”; the parties do not dispute whether plaintiff was performing an act of duty when he
apprehended the suspect on December 6, 2015. Rather, “the sole issue is whether a work-related
incident is a cause of a claimant’s disability ***.” Carrillo v. Park Ridge Firefighters’ Pension
Fund, 2014 IL App (1st) 130656, ¶ 22. This is a “purely factual determination which we review
under the manifest weight of the evidence standard.” Id.
¶ 17 Under the manifest weight standard, we reverse the administrative decision “only if the
opposite conclusion is clearly evident.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Shirley, 2024 IL App
(3d) 230257, ¶ 20. We cannot reweigh the evidence or reverse agency findings merely because an
opposite conclusion is reasonable. Id. “[F]indings and conclusions of the administrative agency on
questions of fact shall be held to be prima facie true and correct ***.” (Internal quotation marks
omitted.) Id. “So long as the record contains evidence supporting the administrative agency’s
decision, the decision should be affirmed.” Id.
¶ 18 Under the Pension Code, a police officer is entitled to duty disability benefits if the officer
becomes “disabled *** as the result of injury incurred on or after such date in the performance of
an act of duty.” 40 ILCS 5/5-154(a) (West 2022). A “disability” is a “condition of physical or
mental incapacity to perform any assigned duty or duties in the police service.” Id. § 5-115.
¶ 19 A plaintiff-police-officer bears the burden of proof at the administrative hearing. Marconi
v. Chicago Heights Police Pension Board, 225 Ill. 2d 497, 532-33 (2006). To prove causation, the
plaintiff must show a “sufficient nexus” between the injury and the act of duty. (Internal quotation
marks omitted.) McCumber v. Board of Trustees of Oswego Fire Protection District Firefighters’
Pension Fund, 2019 IL App (2d) 180316, ¶ 52. The act of duty “need not be the sole or primary
cause of the disability.” Id. ¶ 53. “The claimant need prove only that the duty related accident is a
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causative factor contributing to the claimant’s disability.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Id.
¶ 52. A duty disability pension “may be based on the duty-related aggravation of a claimant’s
preexisting condition.” Id.
¶ 20 Here, the Board credited Dr. Levin’s medical report, which stated that plaintiff’s medical
records do not support the claim that plaintiff suffered cervical spine injuries on October 14, 2014,
or December 6, 2015. Further, the Board explained: (1) there are discrepancies between plaintiff’s
alleged dates of injury and the Board’s record of the dates, and (2) plaintiff did not utilize any
“injury-on-duty” time after the December 6, 2015, injury. Further, there was no direct evidence
that plaintiff’s spinal injuries were caused by acts of duty, apart from plaintiff’s testimony that he
injured his spine during the December 6, 2015, incident. Against this backdrop, the Board’s
decision was not against the manifest weight of the evidence.
¶ 21 To be sure, given that plaintiff suffered numerous acute injuries to his right shoulder in the
line of duty, a reasonable person could infer that plaintiff’s spinal injuries in his neck were causally
connected to the incidents where he hurt his shoulder. However, when reviewing administrative
agency decisions, “[i]t is not the court’s function to resolve factual inconsistencies, nor is it the
court’s duty to weigh the evidence and then determine where the preponderance of the evidence
lies.” Launius v. Board of Fire & Police Commissioners of City of Des Plaines, 151 Ill. 2d 419,
427-28 (1992). As noted, a decision is against the manifest weight of the evidence “only if the
opposite conclusion is clearly evident.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Shirley, 2024 IL App
(3d) 230257, ¶ 20. Given Dr. Levin’s report and the dearth of evidence of causation, it is not clearly
evident that plaintiff is entitled to duty disability benefits for the relevant period.
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¶ 22 Defendant raises two additional issues, neither of which is persuasive. Defendant argues
that Dr. Levin evaluated the wrong incident. Specifically, plaintiff notes a discrepancy in
paragraph four of Dr. Levin’s report. The paragraph asks for commentary on whether the officer
can perform certain work-related duties. Dr. Levin answered that plaintiff could not perform
various duties because plaintiff was on long-term use of opioids, unrelated to the occurrence on
October 14, 2014. But the diagnosis section of Dr. Levin’s report, in paragraph one, plainly
addressed the causation question at issue: “The records reviewed above do not support an injury
to [plaintiff’s] cervical spine from [the] October 14, 2014 occurrence, nor do they support an injury
to the cervical spine occurring on December 6, 2015 as [plaintiff] described to me occurred when
seen on January 20, 2021.” The Board was entitled to rely on Dr. Levin’s report despite any
discrepancy in paragraph four.
¶ 23 Next, plaintiff maintains that the Board did not make an “act of duty” finding, citing
Hampton v. Board of Trustees of Bolingbrook Police Pension Fund, 2021 IL App (3d) 190416, ¶¶
27-28. However, as noted, there is no dispute that plaintiff acted in the line of duty when he
suffered acute injuries to his shoulder, arm, and hand on December 6, 2015. The issue was whether
plaintiff’s spine injuries in his neck were caused by the December 6, 2015, injury, and the Board
settled that factual dispute.
¶ 24 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 25 Accordingly, we affirm the Board’s decision.
¶ 26 Board decision affirmed; circuit court affirmed.
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