Torres Vasquez v. Bondi

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: August 19, 2025
• Docket: 24-3831
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS AUG 19 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

OSCAR TORRES VASQUEZ, No. 24-3831 Agency No. Petitioner, A200-246-010 v. MEMORANDUM* PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted August 15, 2025** Pasadena, California

Before: NGUYEN, FORREST, and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges.

Petitioner Oscar Torres Vasquez (“Torres”) seeks review of a Board of

Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision affirming a decision by an Immigration

Judge (“IJ”), which denied Torres’s claims for withholding of removal and

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). Convention Against Torture (“CAT”) protection. We have jurisdiction under

8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the petition.

When reviewing final orders of the BIA, we apply the highly deferential

substantial evidence standard to the agency’s findings of fact. See Ruiz-Colmenares

v. Garland, 25 F.4th 742, 748 (9th Cir. 2022). Under this standard, the agency’s

facts are considered “conclusive unless any reasonable adjudicator would be

compelled to conclude to the contrary.” Id. (citation omitted). We review questions

of law de novo. Id. And in those circumstances where “the BIA agrees with the IJ’s

reasoning, we review both decisions.” Garcia-Martinez v. Sessions, 886 F.3d 1291,

1293 (9th Cir. 2018).

Torres asserts that he will be subject to future persecution based on his

membership in two proposed particular social groups: (1) “men who entered the U.S.

at a young age, have lived in the United States for over 20 years, and are now

returning to Mexico,” and (2) his family. Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s

conclusion that Torres failed to demonstrate a nexus to a protected ground because

Torres testified that “everyone” in his town is forced to work for the Chocololes and

because Torres’s fear of future persecution stems from “general criminality” present

in Mexico. Because failure to prove a nexus to a protected ground is an independent

basis for denying withholding of removal, we decline to reach Torres’s remaining

arguments. See Umana-Escobar v. Garland, 69 F.4th 544, 551 (9th Cir. 2023).

2 23-3347 Additionally, substantial evidence supports the agency’s conclusion that

Torres failed to establish that relocation within Mexico would be unsafe or

unreasonable. Torres’s claim centers on fear of the Chocololes’ operations in

Magdalena, but he admits that he “do[es]n’t know about [the Chocololes’ operations

in] other towns in Mexico” and only fears relocation because of general “crime . . .

through the entire country.” Torres points to the general country conditions in

Mexico to argue that, even if he relocated from Magdalena, he would be targeted by

cartels due to his perceived wealth. But the evidence Torres provided showing

widespread cartel activity in Mexico indicates that many areas of Mexico are

controlled by police and security forces and that a returning person would be safe in

those areas. Torres never presented any reason why it might not be feasible for him

to relocate to one of these safe areas of the country. See Kaur v. Garland, 2 F.4th

823, 836 (9th Cir. 2021) (If a petitioner “has not established past persecution” he

“bears the burden of showing []he could not reasonably relocate.”).

Substantial evidence likewise supports the agency’s denial of Torres’s CAT

claim. Apart from generalized evidence of violence and crime in Mexico, which is

insufficient to prove eligibility for CAT protection, Delgado-Ortiz v. Holder, 600

F.3d 1148, 1152 (9th Cir. 2010), Torres points only to the prevalence of the

Chocololes gang in Magdalena to show that he might be tortured upon return to

Mexico. This alone does not compel a finding of likely future torture. See Zheng v.

3 23-3347 Holder, 644 F.3d 829, 835−36 (9th Cir. 2011) (denying CAT relief where “claims

of possible torture remain speculative”). And although Torres presented evidence

that the Mexican government struggles to combat violence by organized criminal

groups, “a general ineffectiveness on the government’s part to investigate and

prevent crime” does not compel a finding that the Mexican government would

consent to or acquiesce in torture. Andrade-Garcia v. Lynch, 828 F.3d 829, 836 (9th

Cir. 2016).

PETITION DENIED.

4 23-3347