[Cite as Toledo v. Williams, 2018-Ohio-4354.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio/City of Toledo Court of Appeals No. L-17-1188
Appellee Trial Court No. CRB-17-02092
v.
Homer L. Williams, III DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: October 26, 2018
*****
David Toska, Chief Prosecutor, and Henry Schaefer, Assistant Prosecutor, for appellee.
Emil G. Gravelle III, for appellant.
PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Homer L. Williams, III, appeals the January 18, 2018
judgment of the Toledo Municipal Court sentencing him to 180 days of incarceration,
with 160 days stayed, following his conviction for unauthorized use of a vehicle. For the
reasons set forth herein, we reverse. {¶ 2} On February 16, 2017, appellant was charged with a violation of R.C.
2913.03(A), unauthorized use of a motor vehicle, a first-degree misdemeanor. On
April 13, 2017, the matter proceeded to a trial to the bench and the following evidence
was presented. Victim Nancy James testified that on February 9, 2017, appellant and an
individual named Bobby Brown were visiting her at her home. Due to a health condition,
she had taken some medication which makes her fall asleep. James stated that when she
woke up she noticed that her 1998 Saturn vehicle was missing. James stated that she
came to know that appellant had her vehicle; she walked to his house but the vehicle was
not there. James testified that she waited for appellant to return it; when he failed, she
reported the vehicle stolen. Two and one-half weeks later police found the vehicle on the
900 block of Islington. Prior to locating the vehicle, James said that appellant’s nephew
gave her the keys and she had been looking for the vehicle in the Lawrence Street area
near appellant’s home.
{¶ 3} Bobby Brown testified that on the evening of February 9, 2017, he was at
James’ home when appellant came over. After James fell asleep, appellant, driving
James’ car, dropped Brown off at his home. At the close of the city’s case, appellant
made a Crim.R. 29 motion for acquittal; the motion was denied.
{¶ 4} Appellant testified that on the evening of February 9, 2017, he went to
James’ home and that Mr. Brown was also there. Appellant stated that when he left,
James was still awake and Brown was there.
2. {¶ 5} Appellant testified that he and James had been in a relationship and that
since he ended the relationship she had been making false allegations against him.
Appellant stated that he never touched her car and does not have a driver’s license and
does not drive. Appellant stated that he lives near James and just walked back home.
{¶ 6} During cross-examination, appellant admitted that about a year prior he had
gotten a ticket for operating a vehicle without a license. In 2012, appellant was also
convicted of giving false information to a police officer. Appellant’s renewed Crim.R. 29
motion for acquittal was denied. The court found appellant guilty.
{¶ 7} Appellant was sentenced on June 29, 2017, to 180 days of incarceration,
with 160 days stayed. The initial appeal in the matter was remanded for the court to issue
a sentencing entry in compliance with Crim.R. 32(C). Following remand and the
appointment of appellate counsel, appellant commenced the present appeal and raises one
assignment of error for our review:
The trial court erred in denying appellant Homer Williams’s motion
for judgment of acquittal pursuant to Crim.R. 29 because the city of Toledo
failed to establish venue beyond a reasonable doubt.
{¶ 8} In his sole assignment of error, appellant contends that his conviction of
unauthorized use of a motor vehicle was not supported by sufficient evidence of venue.
“An appellate court reviews a denial of a Crim.R. 29 motion for acquittal using the same
standard that is used to review a sufficiency of the evidence claim.” State v. Reyes, 6th
Dist. Wood No. WD-03-059, 2005-Ohio-2100, ¶ 21, citing State v. Carter, 72 Ohio St.3d
3. 545, 553, 651 N.E.2d 965 (1995). A challenge to a conviction based upon the sufficiency
of the evidence to support a conviction presents a question of law on whether the
evidence at trial is legally adequate to support a jury verdict on all elements of a crime.
State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). An appellate court
does not weigh credibility when reviewing the sufficiency of evidence to support a
verdict. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492 (1991), paragraph two of the
syllabus. A reviewing court considers whether the evidence at trial “if believed, would
convince the average mind of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The
relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the
prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id.
{¶ 9} We further note that because the issue of venue was not raised before the
trial court, any failure to demonstrate venue may not be noticed unless it was plain error
affecting a substantial right. State v. Jackson, 3d Dist. Seneca No. 13-14-30, 2015-Ohio-
1694, ¶ 7, quoting State v. Gardner, 42 Ohio App.3d 157, 158, 536 N.E.2d 1187 (1st
Dist.1987).
{¶ 10} R.C. 2913.03(A) prohibits an individual from knowingly using an
automobile “without the consent of the owner or person authorized to give consent.”
R.C. 2901.12(A) provides: “The trial of a criminal case in this state shall be held in a
court having jurisdiction of the subject matter * * * and in the territory of which the
offense or any element of the offense was committed.” Proper venue is also guaranteed
4. by Section 10, Article I of the Ohio Constitution. Although venue is not a material
element of the crime, it still is a fact that must be proved at trial unless waived. State v.
Headley, 6 Ohio St.3d 475, 477, 453 N.E.2d 716 (1983). While it is not necessary that
the venue of the crime be expressly stated it is essential that it be proven by all the facts
and circumstances, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the crime was in fact committed in
the county and state alleged. State v. Dickerson, 77 Ohio St. 34, 82 N.E. 969 (1907),
paragraph one of the syllabus. The court has broad discretion in determining the facts
which would establish venue. Toledo v. Taberner, 61 Ohio App.3d 791, 793, 573 N.E.2d
1173 (6th Dist.1989).
{¶ 11} Regarding venue, this court has noted that we are reluctant to “cart
blanche” allow the trial court to take judicial notice or allow “lax methods” of proof of a
fact required to be proven by the state. City of Toledo v. Loggins, 6th Dist. Lucas No.
L-06-1355, 2007-Ohio-5887, ¶ 19; State v. Burkhalter, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-05-1111,
2006-Ohio-1623, ¶ 19. Especially where neither the state requested that judicial notice
be taken nor did the court indicate that it took judicial notice. Loggins at ¶ 19.
{¶ 12} In Loggins, also involving a trial to the court, the appellant was charged
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[Cite as Toledo v. Williams, 2018-Ohio-4354.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio/City of Toledo Court of Appeals No. L-17-1188
Appellee Trial Court No. CRB-17-02092
v.
Homer L. Williams, III DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: October 26, 2018
*****
David Toska, Chief Prosecutor, and Henry Schaefer, Assistant Prosecutor, for appellee.
Emil G. Gravelle III, for appellant.
PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Homer L. Williams, III, appeals the January 18, 2018
judgment of the Toledo Municipal Court sentencing him to 180 days of incarceration,
with 160 days stayed, following his conviction for unauthorized use of a vehicle. For the
reasons set forth herein, we reverse. {¶ 2} On February 16, 2017, appellant was charged with a violation of R.C.
2913.03(A), unauthorized use of a motor vehicle, a first-degree misdemeanor. On
April 13, 2017, the matter proceeded to a trial to the bench and the following evidence
was presented. Victim Nancy James testified that on February 9, 2017, appellant and an
individual named Bobby Brown were visiting her at her home. Due to a health condition,
she had taken some medication which makes her fall asleep. James stated that when she
woke up she noticed that her 1998 Saturn vehicle was missing. James stated that she
came to know that appellant had her vehicle; she walked to his house but the vehicle was
not there. James testified that she waited for appellant to return it; when he failed, she
reported the vehicle stolen. Two and one-half weeks later police found the vehicle on the
900 block of Islington. Prior to locating the vehicle, James said that appellant’s nephew
gave her the keys and she had been looking for the vehicle in the Lawrence Street area
near appellant’s home.
{¶ 3} Bobby Brown testified that on the evening of February 9, 2017, he was at
James’ home when appellant came over. After James fell asleep, appellant, driving
James’ car, dropped Brown off at his home. At the close of the city’s case, appellant
made a Crim.R. 29 motion for acquittal; the motion was denied.
{¶ 4} Appellant testified that on the evening of February 9, 2017, he went to
James’ home and that Mr. Brown was also there. Appellant stated that when he left,
James was still awake and Brown was there.
2. {¶ 5} Appellant testified that he and James had been in a relationship and that
since he ended the relationship she had been making false allegations against him.
Appellant stated that he never touched her car and does not have a driver’s license and
does not drive. Appellant stated that he lives near James and just walked back home.
{¶ 6} During cross-examination, appellant admitted that about a year prior he had
gotten a ticket for operating a vehicle without a license. In 2012, appellant was also
convicted of giving false information to a police officer. Appellant’s renewed Crim.R. 29
motion for acquittal was denied. The court found appellant guilty.
{¶ 7} Appellant was sentenced on June 29, 2017, to 180 days of incarceration,
with 160 days stayed. The initial appeal in the matter was remanded for the court to issue
a sentencing entry in compliance with Crim.R. 32(C). Following remand and the
appointment of appellate counsel, appellant commenced the present appeal and raises one
assignment of error for our review:
The trial court erred in denying appellant Homer Williams’s motion
for judgment of acquittal pursuant to Crim.R. 29 because the city of Toledo
failed to establish venue beyond a reasonable doubt.
{¶ 8} In his sole assignment of error, appellant contends that his conviction of
unauthorized use of a motor vehicle was not supported by sufficient evidence of venue.
“An appellate court reviews a denial of a Crim.R. 29 motion for acquittal using the same
standard that is used to review a sufficiency of the evidence claim.” State v. Reyes, 6th
Dist. Wood No. WD-03-059, 2005-Ohio-2100, ¶ 21, citing State v. Carter, 72 Ohio St.3d
3. 545, 553, 651 N.E.2d 965 (1995). A challenge to a conviction based upon the sufficiency
of the evidence to support a conviction presents a question of law on whether the
evidence at trial is legally adequate to support a jury verdict on all elements of a crime.
State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). An appellate court
does not weigh credibility when reviewing the sufficiency of evidence to support a
verdict. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492 (1991), paragraph two of the
syllabus. A reviewing court considers whether the evidence at trial “if believed, would
convince the average mind of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The
relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the
prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id.
{¶ 9} We further note that because the issue of venue was not raised before the
trial court, any failure to demonstrate venue may not be noticed unless it was plain error
affecting a substantial right. State v. Jackson, 3d Dist. Seneca No. 13-14-30, 2015-Ohio-
1694, ¶ 7, quoting State v. Gardner, 42 Ohio App.3d 157, 158, 536 N.E.2d 1187 (1st
Dist.1987).
{¶ 10} R.C. 2913.03(A) prohibits an individual from knowingly using an
automobile “without the consent of the owner or person authorized to give consent.”
R.C. 2901.12(A) provides: “The trial of a criminal case in this state shall be held in a
court having jurisdiction of the subject matter * * * and in the territory of which the
offense or any element of the offense was committed.” Proper venue is also guaranteed
4. by Section 10, Article I of the Ohio Constitution. Although venue is not a material
element of the crime, it still is a fact that must be proved at trial unless waived. State v.
Headley, 6 Ohio St.3d 475, 477, 453 N.E.2d 716 (1983). While it is not necessary that
the venue of the crime be expressly stated it is essential that it be proven by all the facts
and circumstances, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the crime was in fact committed in
the county and state alleged. State v. Dickerson, 77 Ohio St. 34, 82 N.E. 969 (1907),
paragraph one of the syllabus. The court has broad discretion in determining the facts
which would establish venue. Toledo v. Taberner, 61 Ohio App.3d 791, 793, 573 N.E.2d
1173 (6th Dist.1989).
{¶ 11} Regarding venue, this court has noted that we are reluctant to “cart
blanche” allow the trial court to take judicial notice or allow “lax methods” of proof of a
fact required to be proven by the state. City of Toledo v. Loggins, 6th Dist. Lucas No.
L-06-1355, 2007-Ohio-5887, ¶ 19; State v. Burkhalter, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-05-1111,
2006-Ohio-1623, ¶ 19. Especially where neither the state requested that judicial notice
be taken nor did the court indicate that it took judicial notice. Loggins at ¶ 19.
{¶ 12} In Loggins, also involving a trial to the court, the appellant was charged
with domestic violence and assault. At trial, Toledo Police officers testified that they
responded to a call at 1204 Collingwood Avenue. Id. at ¶ 3. At the close of the state’s
case, appellant moved for acquittal arguing that venue had not been established; the court
granted the motion as to the domestic violence charge. Id. at ¶ 6. Appellant was
convicted of assault.
5. {¶ 13} On appeal, appellant argued that the state failed to prove venue; the state
contended that the court could take judicial notice of the “limits of the Toledo Police
Department’s jurisdiction in determining that the Collingwood address was located in the
city of Toledo.” Id. at ¶ 16. In analyzing the arguments, we noted that Ohio courts have
held that “reference to a street address only, without reference to a city, county, or state,
was insufficient to prove venue.” (Citations omitted.) Id. at ¶ 18. We found that venue
was proven, however, based upon the fact that the street address was noted and that the
Toledo Police Department responded to that address. Id. at ¶ 19. Accord State v. Wilson,
6th Dist. Huron No. H-13-002, 2014-Ohio-1005.
{¶ 14} In the present case, the victim testified that her vehicle was found in the
900 block of Islington. No mention was made as to the city, county, or state. Further, no
testimony was presented as to what police department investigated her report of a stolen
vehicle. Based upon these facts, we cannot find that sufficient evidence of venue was
presented. Accordingly, the trial court’s denial of appellant’s motion for acquittal was
plain error. Appellant’s assignment of error is well-taken.
{¶ 15} On consideration whereof, we find that appellant was prejudiced and
prevented from having a fair trial and the judgment of the Toledo Municipal Court is
reversed and the matter is remanded for a judgment entry of dismissal. Pursuant to
App.R. 24, appellee is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal.
Judgment reversed.
6. Toledo v. Williams C.A. No. L-17-1188
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE James D. Jensen, J. _______________________________ Christine E. Mayle, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
7.