1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 JOEL TOLBERT III, 11 Case No. 22-cv-03546 EJD (PR) Plaintiff, 12 ORDER OF PARTIAL DISMISSAL AND OF SERVICE OF FIRST v. 13 AMENDED COMPLAINT;
DIRECTING DEFENDANTS TO 14 FILE DISPOSITIVE MOTION OR CONTRA COSTA COUNTY NOTICE REGARDING SUCH 15 MARTINEZ FACILITY, et al., MOTION; INSTRUCTIONS TO CLERK 16 Defendants.
17 18 Plaintiff, a California state prisoner, filed the instant pro se civil rights action 19 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against officers at the Martinez Detention Facility in Contra 20 Costa County, where he was formerly housed as a pretrial detainee. Dkt. No. 1. The Court 21 dismissed the complaint with leave to amend to correct various deficiencies. Dkt. No. 7. 22 Plaintiff filed a first amended complaint. Dkt. No. 13. 23 24 DISCUSSION 25 A. Standard of Review 26 A federal court must conduct a preliminary screening in any case in which a 27 prisoner seeks redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a 1 cognizable claims and dismiss any claims that are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim 2 upon which relief may be granted or seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune 3 from such relief. See id. § 1915A(b)(1),(2). Pro se pleadings must, however, be liberally 4 construed. See Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 1988). 5 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must allege two essential 6 elements: (1) that a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was 7 violated, and (2) that the alleged violation was committed by a person acting under the 8 color of state law. See West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). 9 B. Plaintiff’s Claims 10 Plaintiff names the following as Defendants: Contra Costa County (“County”); Sgt. 11 B. Holland; Sgt. A. Rossi; Deputy Gamba; Classification Deputy Griffin; Classification 12 Deputy Davis; and Deputy N. Cope. Dkt. No. 13 at 1-2. At all times during the 13 underlying events, Plaintiff was a pretrial detainee. Id. at 1. 14 Plaintiff claims Defendants Griffin, Sgt. Holland, Sgt. Rossi, Deputy Gamba, 15 Deputy Davis, and Deputy Cope acted with deliberate indifference to his safety needs 16 when they failed to protect him from violence at the hands of gang members by moving 17 him to a part of the Jail where he would be at risk of an attack. Id. at 3-6. After they 18 moved him, Plaintiff was attacked on February 20, 2022, March 15, 2022, and March 25, 19 2022, and suffered serious injuries. Id. at 6-7. Plaintiff claims Defendants ignored his 20 pleas to be moved and failed to intervene when they observed the attacks happening. Id. 21 These allegations are sufficient to state a claim. See Castro v. Cnty. of Los Angeles, 833 22 F.3d 1060, 1067-68 (9th Cir. 2016) (en banc). 23 Plaintiff claims that after he was attacked on March 25, 2022, Defendant Gamba 24 refused to call a “medical code” for Plaintiff to get treatment for his injuries. Dkt. No. 13 25 at 7. Plaintiff’s injuries were so severe that he was hospitalized the next day at the Contra 26 Costa Regional Medical Emergency Department. Id. These allegations are sufficient to 27 state a deliberate indifference claim to serious medical needs against Defendant Gamba. 1 Plaintiff also claims that Defendants Holland, Rossi, and Cope violated his right to 2 due process when they disciplined him with a lockdown and loss of privileges for 3 “insubordinate/insolent” and refusal to obey an order, although he consented to be moved 4 and did so without the use of force. Dkt. No. 13 at 5, 9. These allegations are sufficient to 5 state a due process claim. See Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 535 (1979); Wolff v. 6 McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539 (1974). 7 Lastly, Plaintiff claims that the County has a “policy and longstanding practice and 8 custom in forcing inmates to come out with other groups of inmates that are known 9 enemies or that they know they will be harmed by” which was the “energizer and moving 10 force behind the listed Defendants openly free practice of constitutional violations.” Dkt. 11 No. 13 at 10. Throughout the amended complaint, Plaintiff alleged that Defendants forced 12 him to move under “county policy.” Id. at 3, 4, 5. These allegations are sufficient to state 13 a Monell claim against the County. See Monell v. Dep't of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 14 690 (1978). 15 Plaintiff also asserts an equal protection claim for the first time in this action. Dkt. 16 No. 13 at 9. He asserts that Defendants Holland, Rossi, Cope, and Griffin treated him 17 “worse than others” in making him move to a different module despite knowing the risk to 18 his safety, while allowing other inmates to stay on the module comfortably without any 19 threats of force or sanctions. Id. “The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth 20 Amendment commands that no State shall ‘deny to any person within its jurisdiction the 21 equal protection of the laws,’ which is essentially a direction that all persons similarly 22 situated should be treated alike.” City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, 473 U.S. 23 432, 439 (1985) (quoting Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202, 216 (1982)); Thornton v. City of St. 24 Helens, 425 F.3d 1158, 1168 (9th Cir. 2005) (evidence of different treatment of unlike 25 groups does not support an equal protection claim). Here, there are no allegations 26 describing the class of people to which Plaintiff belongs, i.e., “persons similarly situated” 27 as himself. Plaintiff merely alleges that he was forced to move while other inmates were 1 would have to allege that other inmates who faced similar threats of violence were not 2 forced to move. However, Plaintiff alleges that another inmate was forced to move despite 3 fears for his life, and ultimate died due to an attack. Dkt. No. 13 at 3. That incident does 4 not indicate that Plaintiff was treated differently from other similarly situated inmates. 5 Accordingly, it does not appear that Plaintiff would be able to allege any facts to support 6 an equal protection claim if he were given an opportunity to amend. Furthermore, Plaintiff 7 has already been afforded one opportunity to amend, and the Court finds he does not merit 8 another one. See Wagh v. Metris Direct, Inc., 363 F.3d 821, 830 (9th Cir. 2003) (district 9 court’s discretion to deny leave to amend particularly broad where plaintiff has previously 10 filed an amended complaint); Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1261 (9th Cir. 1992). 11 Accordingly, this equal protection claim is DISMISSED with prejudice for failure to state 12 a cognizable claim. 13 14 CONCLUSION 15 For the foregoing reasons, the Court orders as follows: 16 1. This action shall proceed on the following claims: (1) deliberate indifference 17 to safety needs; (2) deliberate indifference to serious medical needs; (3) due process claim; 18 and (4) Monell claim.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 JOEL TOLBERT III, 11 Case No. 22-cv-03546 EJD (PR) Plaintiff, 12 ORDER OF PARTIAL DISMISSAL AND OF SERVICE OF FIRST v. 13 AMENDED COMPLAINT;
DIRECTING DEFENDANTS TO 14 FILE DISPOSITIVE MOTION OR CONTRA COSTA COUNTY NOTICE REGARDING SUCH 15 MARTINEZ FACILITY, et al., MOTION; INSTRUCTIONS TO CLERK 16 Defendants.
17 18 Plaintiff, a California state prisoner, filed the instant pro se civil rights action 19 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against officers at the Martinez Detention Facility in Contra 20 Costa County, where he was formerly housed as a pretrial detainee. Dkt. No. 1. The Court 21 dismissed the complaint with leave to amend to correct various deficiencies. Dkt. No. 7. 22 Plaintiff filed a first amended complaint. Dkt. No. 13. 23 24 DISCUSSION 25 A. Standard of Review 26 A federal court must conduct a preliminary screening in any case in which a 27 prisoner seeks redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a 1 cognizable claims and dismiss any claims that are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim 2 upon which relief may be granted or seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune 3 from such relief. See id. § 1915A(b)(1),(2). Pro se pleadings must, however, be liberally 4 construed. See Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 1988). 5 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must allege two essential 6 elements: (1) that a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was 7 violated, and (2) that the alleged violation was committed by a person acting under the 8 color of state law. See West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). 9 B. Plaintiff’s Claims 10 Plaintiff names the following as Defendants: Contra Costa County (“County”); Sgt. 11 B. Holland; Sgt. A. Rossi; Deputy Gamba; Classification Deputy Griffin; Classification 12 Deputy Davis; and Deputy N. Cope. Dkt. No. 13 at 1-2. At all times during the 13 underlying events, Plaintiff was a pretrial detainee. Id. at 1. 14 Plaintiff claims Defendants Griffin, Sgt. Holland, Sgt. Rossi, Deputy Gamba, 15 Deputy Davis, and Deputy Cope acted with deliberate indifference to his safety needs 16 when they failed to protect him from violence at the hands of gang members by moving 17 him to a part of the Jail where he would be at risk of an attack. Id. at 3-6. After they 18 moved him, Plaintiff was attacked on February 20, 2022, March 15, 2022, and March 25, 19 2022, and suffered serious injuries. Id. at 6-7. Plaintiff claims Defendants ignored his 20 pleas to be moved and failed to intervene when they observed the attacks happening. Id. 21 These allegations are sufficient to state a claim. See Castro v. Cnty. of Los Angeles, 833 22 F.3d 1060, 1067-68 (9th Cir. 2016) (en banc). 23 Plaintiff claims that after he was attacked on March 25, 2022, Defendant Gamba 24 refused to call a “medical code” for Plaintiff to get treatment for his injuries. Dkt. No. 13 25 at 7. Plaintiff’s injuries were so severe that he was hospitalized the next day at the Contra 26 Costa Regional Medical Emergency Department. Id. These allegations are sufficient to 27 state a deliberate indifference claim to serious medical needs against Defendant Gamba. 1 Plaintiff also claims that Defendants Holland, Rossi, and Cope violated his right to 2 due process when they disciplined him with a lockdown and loss of privileges for 3 “insubordinate/insolent” and refusal to obey an order, although he consented to be moved 4 and did so without the use of force. Dkt. No. 13 at 5, 9. These allegations are sufficient to 5 state a due process claim. See Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 535 (1979); Wolff v. 6 McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539 (1974). 7 Lastly, Plaintiff claims that the County has a “policy and longstanding practice and 8 custom in forcing inmates to come out with other groups of inmates that are known 9 enemies or that they know they will be harmed by” which was the “energizer and moving 10 force behind the listed Defendants openly free practice of constitutional violations.” Dkt. 11 No. 13 at 10. Throughout the amended complaint, Plaintiff alleged that Defendants forced 12 him to move under “county policy.” Id. at 3, 4, 5. These allegations are sufficient to state 13 a Monell claim against the County. See Monell v. Dep't of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 14 690 (1978). 15 Plaintiff also asserts an equal protection claim for the first time in this action. Dkt. 16 No. 13 at 9. He asserts that Defendants Holland, Rossi, Cope, and Griffin treated him 17 “worse than others” in making him move to a different module despite knowing the risk to 18 his safety, while allowing other inmates to stay on the module comfortably without any 19 threats of force or sanctions. Id. “The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth 20 Amendment commands that no State shall ‘deny to any person within its jurisdiction the 21 equal protection of the laws,’ which is essentially a direction that all persons similarly 22 situated should be treated alike.” City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, 473 U.S. 23 432, 439 (1985) (quoting Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202, 216 (1982)); Thornton v. City of St. 24 Helens, 425 F.3d 1158, 1168 (9th Cir. 2005) (evidence of different treatment of unlike 25 groups does not support an equal protection claim). Here, there are no allegations 26 describing the class of people to which Plaintiff belongs, i.e., “persons similarly situated” 27 as himself. Plaintiff merely alleges that he was forced to move while other inmates were 1 would have to allege that other inmates who faced similar threats of violence were not 2 forced to move. However, Plaintiff alleges that another inmate was forced to move despite 3 fears for his life, and ultimate died due to an attack. Dkt. No. 13 at 3. That incident does 4 not indicate that Plaintiff was treated differently from other similarly situated inmates. 5 Accordingly, it does not appear that Plaintiff would be able to allege any facts to support 6 an equal protection claim if he were given an opportunity to amend. Furthermore, Plaintiff 7 has already been afforded one opportunity to amend, and the Court finds he does not merit 8 another one. See Wagh v. Metris Direct, Inc., 363 F.3d 821, 830 (9th Cir. 2003) (district 9 court’s discretion to deny leave to amend particularly broad where plaintiff has previously 10 filed an amended complaint); Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1261 (9th Cir. 1992). 11 Accordingly, this equal protection claim is DISMISSED with prejudice for failure to state 12 a cognizable claim. 13 14 CONCLUSION 15 For the foregoing reasons, the Court orders as follows: 16 1. This action shall proceed on the following claims: (1) deliberate indifference 17 to safety needs; (2) deliberate indifference to serious medical needs; (3) due process claim; 18 and (4) Monell claim. The equal protection claim is DISMISSED with prejudice for 19 failure to state a claim. 20 The Clerk shall terminate “Contra Costa County Martinez Detention Facility” from 21 this action as this Defendant is not named in the amended complaint and is therefore no 22 longer a party to this action. See Ferdik, 963 F.2d at 1262. 23 2. The Clerk of the Court shall mail a Notice of Lawsuit and Request for 24 Waiver of Service of Summons, two copies of the Waiver of Service of Summons, a copy 25 of the amended complaint, Dkt. No. 13, all attachments thereto, and a copy of this order 26 upon Defendants Sgt. B. Holland, Sg. A. Rossi, Deputy Gamba, Deputy Griffin 27 (classification), Deputy Davis (classification), and Deputy N. Cope at the Contra Costa 1 Defendant Contra Costa County at the County Counsel’s Office (1025 Escobar St., 3rd 2 Floor, Martinez, CA 94553). The Clerk shall also mail a copy of this order to Plaintiff. 3 3. No later than ninety-one (91) days from the date this order is filed, 4 Defendants shall file a motion for summary judgment or other dispositive motion with 5 respect to the claims in the amended complaint found to be cognizable above. 6 a. Any motion for summary judgment shall be supported by adequate 7 factual documentation and shall conform in all respects to Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of 8 Civil Procedure. Defendants are advised that summary judgment cannot be granted, nor 9 qualified immunity found, if material facts are in dispute. If any Defendant is of the 10 opinion that this case cannot be resolved by summary judgment, he shall so inform the 11 Court prior to the date the summary judgment motion is due. 12 b. In the event Defendants file a motion for summary judgment, the 13 Ninth Circuit has held that Plaintiff must be concurrently provided the appropriate 14 warnings under Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 963 (9th Cir. 1998) (en banc). See 15 Woods v. Carey, 684 F.3d 934, 940 (9th Cir. 2012). 16 4. Plaintiff’s opposition to the dispositive motion shall be filed with the Court 17 and served on Defendants no later than twenty-eight (28) days from the date Defendants’ 18 motion is filed. 19 Plaintiff is also advised to read Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and 20 Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317 (1986) (holding party opposing summary judgment 21 must come forward with evidence showing triable issues of material fact on every essential 22 element of his claim). Plaintiff is cautioned that failure to file an opposition to 23 Defendants’ motion for summary judgment may be deemed to be a consent by Plaintiff to 24 the granting of the motion, and granting of judgment against Plaintiff without a trial. See 25 Ghazali v. Moran, 46 F.3d 52, 53–54 (9th Cir. 1995) (per curiam); Brydges v. Lewis, 18 26 F.3d 651, 653 (9th Cir. 1994). 27 5. Defendants shall file a reply brief no later than fourteen (14) days after 1 6. The motion shall be deemed submitted as of the date the reply brief is due. 2 || No hearing will be held on the motion unless the Court so orders at a later date. 3 7. All communications by the Plaintiff with the Court must be served on 4 || Defendants, or Defendants’ counsel once counsel has been designated, by mailing a true 5 || copy of the document to Defendants or Defendants’ counsel. 6 8. Discovery may be taken in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil 7 || Procedure. No further court order under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(a)(2) or Local 8 || Rule 16-1 is required before the parties may conduct discovery. 9 9. It is Plaintiff's responsibility to prosecute this case. Plaintiff must keep the 10 || court informed of any change of address and must comply with the court’s orders in a 11 || timely fashion. Failure to do so may result in the dismissal of this action for failure to || prosecute pursuant to F ederal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b). E 13 10. Extensions of time must be filed no later than the deadline sought to be 14 || extended and must be accompanied by a showing of good cause. 3 15 IT ISSO ORDERED. 16 || Dated: April 27, 2023 ap). EDWARD J. DAVILA = M United States District Judge Z 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28