Tobler v. State

1984 OK CR 90, 688 P.2d 350, 1984 Okla. Crim. App. LEXIS 201
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma
DecidedSeptember 10, 1984
DocketF-82-304
StatusPublished
Cited by75 cases

This text of 1984 OK CR 90 (Tobler v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Tobler v. State, 1984 OK CR 90, 688 P.2d 350, 1984 Okla. Crim. App. LEXIS 201 (Okla. Ct. App. 1984).

Opinions

OPINION

PARKS, Judge:

Mark Hamilton Tobler was convicted of two counts of First Degree Murder in the District Court of Stephens County, and was sentenced to death.

On August 14, 1981, the bodies of two brothers, Carroll and Paul Hayden, were found in their Duncan, Oklahoma residence. The men had been shot to death by contact or near contact blasts to the head from a twenty-two caliber weapon. The corpses were on the beds in the men’s respective bedrooms, and were in an advanced state of decomposition. They were found five days after death in the sealed, un-air-conditioned house.

During their on-scene investigation, police discovered a diary in the bedroom of Paul Hayden. An entry for August 3,1981 indicated the brothers had picked up a man named “Mark,” who was going to stay with them for a few days. Police also determined that a man named “Mark H. Tobler” had sold a watch to a Duncan pawnshop on August 4, 1981.

The victims’ had visited the home of friends on August 6, 1981 with a third man described to a police artist and identified at trial as the appellant. These same friends went to call on the victims on the afternoon of August 9, 1981. They got no response to their knocks at the door, and noticed that the victims’ Impala was gone. Believing that the brothers had begun a long-planned trip to Michigan, the friends did not suspect trouble.

Carroll’s Chevrolet Impala was found near the Red River in the vicinity of Davidson, Oklahoma. Attention began to focus on appellant, a resident of Texas. Fingerprints found in the bedrooms of the victims matched those of the appellant. A material witness warrant was issued, and Oklahoma investigators interviewed appellant at the Huntsville, Texas police station on September 25, 1981. In three conflicting stories given the the investigators, appellant acknowledged staying with the Haydens for several days in the first of August while job hunting in this state, but indicated surprise at the news of the deaths. However, that same evening, after returing to Duncan with the investigators, appellant told a fourth story admitted killing the men at about 3:30 or 4:00 a.m. on the morning of August 9, 1981. This story was essentially the same as the testimony appellant gave at trial.

The state’s theory of prosecution was murder for the purpose of robbery. The victims had cashed checks totalling over $1,200 during the week before their death, but the victims’ trouser pockets and wallets were empty. Dresser drawers in Carroll’s bedroom were scattered about the floor, and Carroll’s car was missing. Appellant tried to explain the missing money by showing the brothers had purchased a pound of marijuana on the day before their death, and had their car serviced a few days earlier at a cost of over $100.

Appellant insisted he had killed the Hay-dens because they had forcibly sodomized him at gunpoint earlier that evening. He admitted waiting about three hours after the attack so the victims would be asleep when he killed them. He claimed he killed the men out of anger over the attack and fear that it would be repeated. He also admitted taking the victims’ car,-the pound of marijuana, and some money found on a dresser. He said he felt this was “owed” to him for what they had done.

Appellant’s Dallas, Texas roommate testified that appellant was to have paid the entire August rent, and had gone to Oklahoma to work. He said appellant returned to Dallas in early August with enough money to pay the $365 rent payment with about $50 remaining. He said appellant was driving a Chevrolet Impala with Oklahoma tags containing various articles of property, most of it boxed, and most later identified as the property of the victims. Appellant claimed the property was already [353]*353loaded in the car when he took it in anticipation of the impending trip to Michigan.

At trial, appellant offered evidence to suggest that the victims were homosexual. He denied ever having homosexual relations himself. He insisted that the slayings were the product of the alleged homosexual rape, and denied that they were related to the theft of the victims’ property. The state offered rebuttal evidence.

The jury convicted appellant of two counts of first degree murder in the first stage of trial. In the second stage, they found the existence of two of the three aggravating circumstances instructed upon by the judge: That the defendant knowingly created a great risk of death to more than one person, 21 O.S.1981, § 701.12(2); and that there existed a probability that the defendant would commit criminal acts of violence that would constitute a continuing threat to society, 21 O.S.1981, § 701.12(7). The jury failed to find that the murders were committed for the purpose of avoiding or preventing arrest or prosecution, 21 O.S.1981, § 701.12(5). They determined that appellant should be punished by death, and judgment and sentence was entered accordingly.

On appeal, appellant presents twelve assignments of error. However, we will discuss only the first and last of those as we are reversing this case and remanding for a new trial, and all but one of the remaining propositions deal exclusively with the death sentence.

I.

In his first and twelth assignments of error, appellant contends that he was denied a fair trial because of numerous instances of prejudice at trial. We agree.

We note at the outset, that virtually none of the instances of prejudice were objected at trial.1 Thus, we can only review these allegations of error if they are fundamental. Tucker v. State, 675 P.2d 459 (Okl.Cr.1984). We have defined “fundamental errors” as those “which to to the foundation of the case, or which take from the defendant a right which was essential to his defense.” Id. at 461. We will review these assignments of error because there is no right which is more essential to an accused’s defense than the right to a fair trial free from prejudice.

In this case, the sheer volume of prejudicial remarks, witnesses and exhibits, makes it clear that appellant did not receive a fair trial. The behavior of District Attorney Tony R. Burns can only be termed outra-gious. The conduct designed to prejudice appellant in this trial began during voir dire and continued through the closing argument in the sentencing phase. It generally falls into six categories: 1) Pleas to the jury to have sympathy for the victims; 2) Unfair characterizations of appellant; 3) Irrelevant and prejudicial testimony; 4) Conclusive and rhetorical questions; 5) Photographs and descriptions of the decomposed bodies of the victims; and 6) The prosecutor aligning himself with the jury and the public, and thereby making statements of law.

II.

Mr. Burns began pleading for sympathy for the victims during vior dire when he asked the entire jury panel:

"[Wjill everyone of you promise that ev-erytime you think of Mr. Tobler and his rights under the laws of our land, that you'll also turn that coin over and you’ll think about the two victims of this crime, Paul and Carroll Hayden? Will each of you do that for me?”
(Transcript Page 41).

This question was again asked of each jur- or individually during the course of voir dire. This plea was reasserted with renewed vigor during the prosecutor’s closing arguments. After comparing the appellant’s and victims’ ages, and stating that [354]

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Bluebook (online)
1984 OK CR 90, 688 P.2d 350, 1984 Okla. Crim. App. LEXIS 201, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/tobler-v-state-oklacrimapp-1984.