Tirpak v. Borough of Point Pleasant Beach Bd. of Adjustment

200 A.3d 921, 457 N.J. Super. 441
CourtNew Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division
DecidedFebruary 11, 2019
DocketDOCKET NOS. A-5088-17T1; A-5147-17T1
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 200 A.3d 921 (Tirpak v. Borough of Point Pleasant Beach Bd. of Adjustment) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Tirpak v. Borough of Point Pleasant Beach Bd. of Adjustment, 200 A.3d 921, 457 N.J. Super. 441 (N.J. Ct. App. 2019).

Opinion

PER CURIAM

*923*442Defendants, the Borough of Point Pleasant Beach and the Borough's Zoning Board of Adjustment, appeal the trial court's *443May 3, 2018 decision in this land use case. The court declared invalid and unenforceable a variance provision and associated deed restriction that requires one unit of the subject two-family dwelling to be occupied by the owner and not rented to a third-party tenant.

These owner-occupancy limitations were imposed by the Board in 1999 as a condition of approving a variance allowing plaintiff Maria I. Tirpak and her now-deceased husband to raze their then-existing dwelling and construct a new two-family dwelling in a zone limited to single-family residences. The Board also required the Tirpaks to memorialize the condition as a recorded deed restriction.

The trial court concluded the variance condition and deed restriction impermissibly discriminated against renters, and wrongfully predicated the allowable use of the property upon the identities of its occupants.

On appeal, defendants argue the trial court should have dismissed plaintiff's challenge to the restrictions as untimely. They further contend the trial court misapplied the law and principles of equity in nullifying the variance condition and deed restriction.

This appellate court rejects defendants' arguments, substantially for the sound reasons expressed in Assignment Judge Marlene Lynch Ford's May 3, 2018 written decision, which is published in tandem with this opinion at 457 N.J. Super. 447, 200 A.3d 925, 2018 WL 7271295 (App. Div. 2018).

The trial court correctly enforced the fundamental, if not immutable, principle that "zoning enabling acts authorize local regulation of 'land use' and not regulation of the 'identity or status' of owners or persons who occupy the land." 5 Edward H. Ziegler, Jr., Rathkopf's The Law of Zoning and Planning, § 81.7 (4th ed. 2005). The present situation does not fit any exceptions to that principle, which has been long recognized under New Jersey law. In fact, this court made clear more than thirty years ago - in *444an opinion coincidentally involving this same municipality - that "a zoning board is charged with the regulation of land uses and not with the person who owns or occupies the land." DeFelice v. Zoning Bd. of Adjustment of Borough of Point Pleasant Beach, 216 N.J. Super. 377, 381, 523 A.2d 1086 (App. Div. 1987) (emphasis added).

In DeFelice, 216 N.J. Super. at 379, 523 A.2d 1086, the owner of a residential lot had two homes located on the property. After one of the homes burned down, the owner applied for a variance to reconstruct the house. Ibid. As a condition of variance approval, the owner agreed to grant the Zoning Board the right to demolish any of the buildings on the lot in the event of the sale of the property or owner's death. Id. at 380, 523 A.2d 1086. This court ruled that the Zoning Board was "powerless to attach [such] a condition restricting the future identity of the owners" and deemed the condition invalid and ultra vires. Id. at 382-83, 523 A.2d 1086. See also Repair Master, Inc. v. Borough of Paulsboro, 352 N.J. Super. 1, 10, 799 A.2d 599 (App. Div. 2002) (upholding a finding of invalidity of a borough's moratorium on rental licenses issued to single-family and non-owner-occupied duplex units, because the moratorium was an improper "attempt to regulate the attributes of ownership and the nature of the occupancy of property.").

Other jurisdictions have followed similar reasoning. See, e.g., *924City of Wilmington v. Hill, 189 N.C.App. 173, 657 S.E.2d 670, 673 (2000) (striking down a city code provision requiring the owner of a house and a garage apartment to reside either in the main residence or the apartment, because the city was entitled only to regulate the use of the property and not the identity of the owner or occupant); Kulak v. Zoning Hearing Bd., 128 Pa.Cmwlth. 457, 563 A.2d 978, 980 (1989) (invalidating a condition that required the owner of a three-unit apartment building to occupy one of the units). As the Pennsylvania court rightly observed in Kulak, "the personal identity of an apartment occupant obviously has no *445relationship to public health, safety, or the general welfare." Ibid. 2

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Bluebook (online)
200 A.3d 921, 457 N.J. Super. 441, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/tirpak-v-borough-of-point-pleasant-beach-bd-of-adjustment-njsuperctappdiv-2019.