Timothy Layne Pierce v. Robert F. Parratt

666 F.2d 1205, 1981 U.S. App. LEXIS 15139
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
DecidedDecember 16, 1981
Docket81-1565
StatusPublished
Cited by11 cases

This text of 666 F.2d 1205 (Timothy Layne Pierce v. Robert F. Parratt) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Timothy Layne Pierce v. Robert F. Parratt, 666 F.2d 1205, 1981 U.S. App. LEXIS 15139 (8th Cir. 1981).

Opinions

STEPHENSON, Circuit Judge.

Timothy Pierce, an inmate at the Nebraska State Penitentiary, appeals the district court’s1 denial of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Pierce claims that the Nebraska habitual criminal statute 2 is unconstitutional because it violates the separation of powers doctrine. Pierce also claims the statute, as applied to him, violates the due process and equal protection clauses and the Eighth Amendment. We affirm the district court.

On October 20, 1978, a jury convicted Pierce of the crime of delivery of a controlled substance. In November of 1978, a hearing was held on the charge of Pierce being an habitual criminal. The evidence revealed that on June 12, 1976, Pierce had committed two crimes: a burglary at Kaufman’s Tavern in Scottsbluff and grand larceny at the Scottsbluff Inn. Pierce was found guilty of both of these crimes, which were charged in a two-count information. On July 14, 1976, Pierce was given concurrent sentences of eighteen months for the burglary and one year for the grand larce[1206]*1206ny. Based on the above evidence, the trial court concluded that Pierce was an habitual criminal.

Pierce appealed his conviction of delivery of a controlled substance and the determination that he was an habitual criminal to the Nebraska Supreme Court. The Nebraska court affirmed the conviction and rejected Pierce’s argument that he was not an habitual criminal because his two prior offenses were committed on the same day, prosecuted in the same information and resulted in concurrent sentences. State v. Pierce, 204 Neb. 433, 283 N.W.2d 6 (1979).

Pierce then filed a habeas corpus petition in the United States District Court for the District of Nebraska. The court denied habeas relief and rejected Pierce’s allegations that the Nebraska habitual criminal statute violates the separation of powers doctrine and also violates the due process clause, equal protection clause and Eighth Amendment when applied to him. Pierce v. Parratt, No. CV 79-L-304 (D.Neb. May 5, 1981).

In this appeal Pierce argues that the Nebraska statute3 provides no standards to guide the prosecutor in deciding whether to charge a particular defendant as an habitual criminal. Because of this, the statute violates the separation of powers doctrine by giving an unconstitutional delegation of the legislature’s power of defining criminal conduct to the prosecutor. Alternatively, Pierce claims that the statute violates the separation of powers doctrine by delegating to the prosecutor the judicial responsibility of sentencing.

The Supreme Court has stated that the constitutionality of increasing penalties for habitual offenders “is no longer open to serious challenge.” Oyler v. Boles, 368 U.S. 448, 451, 82 S.Ct. 501, 503, 7 L.Ed.2d 446 (1962). For the following reasons, we hold that the Nebraska statute is not an unconstitutional violation of the separation of powers doctrine.

In Martin v. Parratt, 549 F.2d 50-52 (8th Cir. 1977), we held that the Nebraska habitual criminal statute does not give the prosecutor the power to sentence. Therefore, Pierce’s argument that the statute delegates sentencing responsibilities to prosecutors is without merit.

Also lacking in merit is Pierce’s claim that the discretion granted the prosecutor constitutes an unconstitutional delegation of the legislative power of defining criminal conduct. First, an habitual criminal charge does not constitute a separate offense. Oyler v. Boles, supra, 368 U.S. at 452, 82 S.Ct. at 503, 504. Second, “[a] certain measure of discretion is inevitable in the performance of the prosecutorial function.” Martinez v. Romero, 626 F.2d 807, 810 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1019, 101 S.Ct. 585, 66 L.Ed.2d 481 (1980). In Brown v. Parratt, 560 F.2d 303, 304 (8th Cir. 1977), we rejected the argument that a prosecutor has unlimited discretion to prosecute under Nebraska’s habitual criminal statute. “Opportunities for discretionary action are inherent in the prosecution of criminal cases. The district court noted that ‘Other recidivist offenders may have legitimately avoided enhanced penalties by the decision of state authorities to afford mercy or by plea bargaining, both of which are unquestionably constitutional forms of prosecutorial discretion.’ ” Id. (quoting Brown v. Parratt, 419 F.Supp. 44, 48 (D.Neb.1976)). As the Supreme Court has concluded, “the conscious exercise of some selectivity in enforcement [of habitual criminal statutes] is not in itself a federal constitutional violation.” Oyler v. Boles, supra, 368 U.S. at 456, 82 S.Ct. at 505, 506. Nebraska’s habitual offender statute does not delegate to the prosecutor the legislative responsibility of defining criminal conduct. See Martinez v. Romero, supra, 626 F.2d at 810. Cf. United States v. Batchelder, 442 U.S. 114, 125-26, 99 S.Ct. 2198, 2204-05, 60 L.Ed.2d 755 (1979) (two federal statutes that prohib[1207]*1207it felons from receiving firearms and that authorize different maximum penalties are not unconstitutional as an impermissible delegation of the legislature’s responsibility to fix criminal penalties).

Pierce’s second argument is that applying the Nebraska statute to his unique situation (two prior offenses committed on the same day, prosecuted in the same information and resulting in concurrent sentences) violates due process, equal protection and the Eighth Amendment.

The Nebraska Supreme Court specifically ruled that the habitual offender statute was applicable to Pierce in State v. Pierce, supra, 283 N.W.2d 6.

Defendant contends that * * * the statute should be interpreted to require that a second offense, in order to support a finding of habitual criminality, must have been committed after the commission and conviction of the first offense. We would agree that such reasoning would be applicable to the principal offense, i.e., the offense for which enhancement is sought must have been committed after conviction and sentencing for the two prior offenses. However, we do not believe that a reading of our statute on its face requires or supports such a holding with regard to the prior offenses themselves.

Id., 283 N.W.2d at 11. Pierce committed two crimes at two different locations and the Nebraska court rejected the idea that contemporaneous offenses equalled only one offense. “ ‘This argument might be effective if addressed to the lawmakers. But with respect to a judicial interpretation of the particular statute under consideration it has no merit.’ ” Id. (quoting Louisiana v. Williams, 226 La. 862, 77 So.2d 515, 516 (1955)).

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Timothy Layne Pierce v. Robert F. Parratt
666 F.2d 1205 (Eighth Circuit, 1981)

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Bluebook (online)
666 F.2d 1205, 1981 U.S. App. LEXIS 15139, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/timothy-layne-pierce-v-robert-f-parratt-ca8-1981.