UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
Gary and Bethanne Tillotson, as Parents of Sean C. Tillotson, and Bethanne Tillotson, as Administratrix for the Estate of Sean C. Tillotson
v. Civil No. 16-cv-296-LM Opinion No. 2017 DNH 015 Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
O R D E R
Plaintiffs Bethanne and Gary Tillotson brought this
wrongful-death suit against Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
(“DHMC”) following the tragic death of their son, Sean
Tillotson. The Tillotsons allege that DHMC doctors failed to
identify and treat a large tumor in Sean’s left kidney that led
to his death. DHMC moves to dismiss, arguing that plaintiffs
lack standing to bring a wrongful-death action under New
Hampshire law. The Tillotsons object. On January 19, 2017, the
court heard oral argument on defendant’s motion.
Legal Standard
Defendant brings its motion to dismiss for lack of standing
under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). The First
Circuit has noted that motions to dismiss for lack of standing
are often treated as motions to dismiss for failure to state a
claim, “thus bringing them under the rubric of Rule 12(b)(6).” United States v. AVX Corp., 962 F.2d 108, 114 n.6 (1st Cir.
1992); see also McInnis-Misenor v. Me. Med. Ctr., 319 F.3d 63,
67 (1st Cir. 2003) (evaluating defendant’s standing argument
pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6)).
Under Rule 12(b)(6), the court must accept the factual
allegations in the complaint as true, construe reasonable
inferences in the plaintiff’s favor, and “determine whether the
factual allegations in the plaintiff’s complaint set forth a
plausible claim upon which relief may be granted.” Foley v.
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 772 F.3d 63, 71 (1st Cir. 2014)
(citations and internal quotation marks omitted). A claim is
facially plausible “when the plaintiff pleads factual content
that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the
defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v.
Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009).
Background
Sean Tillotson was first diagnosed with a benign calcified
cyst in his left kidney when he was seven years old. Sean had
annual follow-up examinations of the cyst when he was younger.
On May 1, 2014, two months before his death, Sean experienced
blood in his urine. He was admitted to the DHMC emergency
department in Lebanon, New Hampshire, and doctors performed an
ultrasound of his kidneys. After reviewing the ultrasound
2 results, doctors determined that Sean’s left kidney was “stable”
and “unchanged” from previous exams. See doc. no. 1 at ¶ 13.
DHMC did not conduct an extensive work-up after receiving the
ultrasounds results, and Sean was discharged that same day.
On June 30, 2014, Sean, then a 17-year-old high school
student in Bradford, Vermont, was traveling to Jackson Hole,
Wyoming to attend a youth leadership conference. Sean was
changing planes at the Denver International Airport when he
suddenly collapsed and died. An autopsy performed after Sean’s
death revealed that he had a large malignant tumor in his left
kidney. Sean died after part of the tumor dislodged and passed
through blood vessels into his lungs and heart.
The Tillotsons allege that DHMC’s interpretation of the May
1, 2014 kidney ultrasound was “grossly inaccurate.” Id. at
¶ 17. According to the Tillotsons, the ultrasound images
demonstrate a large mass on Sean’s left kidney measuring at
least seven centimeters, which is omitted from the radiological
report. The Tillotsons allege that proper interpretation of the
ultrasound would have led to identification of the malignant
tumor in Sean’s left kidney. The Tillotsons allege that the
tumor required immediate further assessment and probable
surgical intervention. With proper treatment, the Tillotsons
3 allege that Sean would not have suffered the pulmonary embolism
that caused his death.
On August 14, 2014, the Orange County District Probate
Division of the Vermont Superior Court appointed Sean’s mother,
Bethanne Tillotson, as the administrator of Sean’s estate. On
June 29, 2016, the Tillotsons, both Vermont residents, filed
this wrongful-death suit against DHMC under New Hampshire law.
Doc. no. 1. The complaint asserts two claims: (1) a wrongful-
death claim by Bethanne Tillotson, as the administrator of
Sean’s estate (Count I),1 and (2) a wrongful-death claim by
Bethanne and Gary Tillotson, as Sean’s parents, for loss of
familial relationship under RSA 556:12, III (Count II).
Discussion
DHMC contends that a Vermont-appointed administrator is
restricted to filing a wrongful-death claim exclusively under
Vermont’s wrongful-death statute. See 14 V.S.A. § 1492. Thus,
DHMC argues that Bethanne Tillotson lacks standing to bring a
wrongful-death suit under New Hampshire state law.
Additionally, DHMC argues that plaintiffs cannot bring a claim
1 New Hampshire does not recognize a common-law claim for wrongful death. See Hebert v. Hebert, 120 N.H. 369, 370 (1980). Thus, Count I invokes RSA 556:12, I.
4 for loss of familial relationship because they are not New
Hampshire residents.
I. Count I
Bethanne Tillotson was appointed administrator of Sean C.
Tillotson’s estate under Vermont law. DHMC contends that a
conflict exists between the relevant New Hampshire and Vermont
wrongful-death statutes,2 and Vermont courts lack jurisdiction to
distribute damages awarded to a Vermont estate under New
Hampshire’s statute. See doc. no. 10 at 8-9. DHMC argues that,
as a Vermont-appointed administrator, Bethanne Tillotson may
only seek damages under Vermont’s wrongful-death statute. See
14 V.S.A. § 1492. Because Bethanne Tillotson brought this claim
on behalf of the estate under New Hampshire law, DHMC asserts
that Count I must be dismissed.
2 Although DHMC points to an apparent conflict between the New Hampshire and Vermont wrongful-death statutes, there is no choice-of-law issue in this case. Plaintiffs invoke New Hampshire law, and DHMC does not dispute that New Hampshire’s choice-of-law principles call for the application of New Hampshire’s wrongful-death statute. In fact, DHMC is “content” with plaintiffs’ choice of New Hampshire law. Doc. no. 12 at 6. Thus, there is no dispute that plaintiffs’ claims are governed by New Hampshire law.
5 In support of its claims, DHMC relies on Calhoun v.
Blakely, 564 A.2d 590 (Vt. 1989).3 Like the present case,
Calhoun involved the administrator of a Vermont estate—the
decedent’s mother—who brought a wrongful-death action in New
Hampshire under New Hampshire state law. The New Hampshire case
was settled, and the decedent’s father then petitioned the
Vermont Superior Court, seeking half the settlement proceeds.
Id. at 591. In accordance with New Hampshire law, the
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
Gary and Bethanne Tillotson, as Parents of Sean C. Tillotson, and Bethanne Tillotson, as Administratrix for the Estate of Sean C. Tillotson
v. Civil No. 16-cv-296-LM Opinion No. 2017 DNH 015 Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
O R D E R
Plaintiffs Bethanne and Gary Tillotson brought this
wrongful-death suit against Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
(“DHMC”) following the tragic death of their son, Sean
Tillotson. The Tillotsons allege that DHMC doctors failed to
identify and treat a large tumor in Sean’s left kidney that led
to his death. DHMC moves to dismiss, arguing that plaintiffs
lack standing to bring a wrongful-death action under New
Hampshire law. The Tillotsons object. On January 19, 2017, the
court heard oral argument on defendant’s motion.
Legal Standard
Defendant brings its motion to dismiss for lack of standing
under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). The First
Circuit has noted that motions to dismiss for lack of standing
are often treated as motions to dismiss for failure to state a
claim, “thus bringing them under the rubric of Rule 12(b)(6).” United States v. AVX Corp., 962 F.2d 108, 114 n.6 (1st Cir.
1992); see also McInnis-Misenor v. Me. Med. Ctr., 319 F.3d 63,
67 (1st Cir. 2003) (evaluating defendant’s standing argument
pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6)).
Under Rule 12(b)(6), the court must accept the factual
allegations in the complaint as true, construe reasonable
inferences in the plaintiff’s favor, and “determine whether the
factual allegations in the plaintiff’s complaint set forth a
plausible claim upon which relief may be granted.” Foley v.
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 772 F.3d 63, 71 (1st Cir. 2014)
(citations and internal quotation marks omitted). A claim is
facially plausible “when the plaintiff pleads factual content
that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the
defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v.
Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009).
Background
Sean Tillotson was first diagnosed with a benign calcified
cyst in his left kidney when he was seven years old. Sean had
annual follow-up examinations of the cyst when he was younger.
On May 1, 2014, two months before his death, Sean experienced
blood in his urine. He was admitted to the DHMC emergency
department in Lebanon, New Hampshire, and doctors performed an
ultrasound of his kidneys. After reviewing the ultrasound
2 results, doctors determined that Sean’s left kidney was “stable”
and “unchanged” from previous exams. See doc. no. 1 at ¶ 13.
DHMC did not conduct an extensive work-up after receiving the
ultrasounds results, and Sean was discharged that same day.
On June 30, 2014, Sean, then a 17-year-old high school
student in Bradford, Vermont, was traveling to Jackson Hole,
Wyoming to attend a youth leadership conference. Sean was
changing planes at the Denver International Airport when he
suddenly collapsed and died. An autopsy performed after Sean’s
death revealed that he had a large malignant tumor in his left
kidney. Sean died after part of the tumor dislodged and passed
through blood vessels into his lungs and heart.
The Tillotsons allege that DHMC’s interpretation of the May
1, 2014 kidney ultrasound was “grossly inaccurate.” Id. at
¶ 17. According to the Tillotsons, the ultrasound images
demonstrate a large mass on Sean’s left kidney measuring at
least seven centimeters, which is omitted from the radiological
report. The Tillotsons allege that proper interpretation of the
ultrasound would have led to identification of the malignant
tumor in Sean’s left kidney. The Tillotsons allege that the
tumor required immediate further assessment and probable
surgical intervention. With proper treatment, the Tillotsons
3 allege that Sean would not have suffered the pulmonary embolism
that caused his death.
On August 14, 2014, the Orange County District Probate
Division of the Vermont Superior Court appointed Sean’s mother,
Bethanne Tillotson, as the administrator of Sean’s estate. On
June 29, 2016, the Tillotsons, both Vermont residents, filed
this wrongful-death suit against DHMC under New Hampshire law.
Doc. no. 1. The complaint asserts two claims: (1) a wrongful-
death claim by Bethanne Tillotson, as the administrator of
Sean’s estate (Count I),1 and (2) a wrongful-death claim by
Bethanne and Gary Tillotson, as Sean’s parents, for loss of
familial relationship under RSA 556:12, III (Count II).
Discussion
DHMC contends that a Vermont-appointed administrator is
restricted to filing a wrongful-death claim exclusively under
Vermont’s wrongful-death statute. See 14 V.S.A. § 1492. Thus,
DHMC argues that Bethanne Tillotson lacks standing to bring a
wrongful-death suit under New Hampshire state law.
Additionally, DHMC argues that plaintiffs cannot bring a claim
1 New Hampshire does not recognize a common-law claim for wrongful death. See Hebert v. Hebert, 120 N.H. 369, 370 (1980). Thus, Count I invokes RSA 556:12, I.
4 for loss of familial relationship because they are not New
Hampshire residents.
I. Count I
Bethanne Tillotson was appointed administrator of Sean C.
Tillotson’s estate under Vermont law. DHMC contends that a
conflict exists between the relevant New Hampshire and Vermont
wrongful-death statutes,2 and Vermont courts lack jurisdiction to
distribute damages awarded to a Vermont estate under New
Hampshire’s statute. See doc. no. 10 at 8-9. DHMC argues that,
as a Vermont-appointed administrator, Bethanne Tillotson may
only seek damages under Vermont’s wrongful-death statute. See
14 V.S.A. § 1492. Because Bethanne Tillotson brought this claim
on behalf of the estate under New Hampshire law, DHMC asserts
that Count I must be dismissed.
2 Although DHMC points to an apparent conflict between the New Hampshire and Vermont wrongful-death statutes, there is no choice-of-law issue in this case. Plaintiffs invoke New Hampshire law, and DHMC does not dispute that New Hampshire’s choice-of-law principles call for the application of New Hampshire’s wrongful-death statute. In fact, DHMC is “content” with plaintiffs’ choice of New Hampshire law. Doc. no. 12 at 6. Thus, there is no dispute that plaintiffs’ claims are governed by New Hampshire law.
5 In support of its claims, DHMC relies on Calhoun v.
Blakely, 564 A.2d 590 (Vt. 1989).3 Like the present case,
Calhoun involved the administrator of a Vermont estate—the
decedent’s mother—who brought a wrongful-death action in New
Hampshire under New Hampshire state law. The New Hampshire case
was settled, and the decedent’s father then petitioned the
Vermont Superior Court, seeking half the settlement proceeds.
Id. at 591. In accordance with New Hampshire law, the
settlement proceeds were considered part of the decedent’s
estate. Id. at 593. The decedent’s father, however, brought
suit under Vermont’s wrongful-death statute, 14 V.S.A. §
1492(c), which awards damages based on pecuniary loss to the
decedent’s spouse and next of kin. Id. at 592.
The Vermont Supreme Court held that because the underlying
wrongful-death action was brought under New Hampshire law,
Vermont’s wrongful-death statutory scheme had no application to
the settlement. Id. at 593. Thus, the court concluded that the
Vermont Superior Court had no jurisdiction to distribute the
settlement proceeds under § 1492(c). Id. But, contrary to
DHMC’s argument, the Vermont Supreme Court never stated that all
3 When Calhoun was decided, the probate court was separate from the superior court. In 2010, Vermont’s state-court system was reorganized, and the probate court became a division of the superior court. See 4 V.S.A. § 30.
6 Vermont courts lack jurisdiction to distribute damages awarded
under New Hampshire’s wrongful-death statute. Rather, the court
specifically held that the Vermont Probate Court must distribute
the wrongful-death proceeds as they were part of the decedent’s
estate. Id. Importantly, the court in Calhoun did not suggest
that the administrator of a Vermont estate lacks standing to
pursue wrongful-death damages in another jurisdiction.
There is simply no support for defendant’s position that
wrongful-death damages awarded under New Hampshire law cannot be
distributed to a Vermont estate. The Vermont Probate Court will
distribute any wrongful-death damages awarded to the Estate of
Sean C. Tillotson, in accordance with applicable law. See id.
at 593 & n.3; see also RSA 556:14.4 Moreover, there is no
support for defendant’s argument that Vermont law somehow
deprives a Vermont-appointed administrator of standing to seek
damages under the wrongful-death statute of another
jurisdiction, such as the jurisdiction where the alleged medical
negligence occurred. Thus, Vermont’s wrongful-death statutory
scheme does not deprive Bethanne Tillotson of standing to bring
4 RSA 556:14 states that damages recovered under New Hampshire’s wrongful-death statute “shall become a part of the decedent’s estate and be distributed in accordance with the applicable provisions of law.” It does not, as DHMC contends, require a New Hampshire probate court to distribute such damages.
7 this wrongful-death claim on behalf of the estate under New
Hampshire law.5
Additionally, DHMC appears to suggest that New Hampshire
law prohibits out-of-state administrators from suing under its
wrongful-death statute. However, the plain language of New
Hampshire’s wrongful-death statute does not limit the right of
action to New Hampshire-appointed administrators. See RSA
556:12, I (“the administrator of the deceased party” may serve
as plaintiff in a wrongful-death action on behalf of the
estate). In many states, including Vermont, an out-of-state
administrator must obtain ancillary letters of administration in
the state where they are bringing the wrongful-death suit. See
Weinstein v. Med. Ctr. Hosp. of Vt., Inc., 358 F. Supp. 297, 298
(D. Vt. 1972) (“[A] foreign administrator is without standing to
prosecute the claim of his decedent unless authorized by
ancillary letter issued [in Vermont].”). However, an out-of-
state administrator can bring a New Hampshire wrongful-death
action without obtaining ancillary letters of administration in
New Hampshire. See Ghilain v. Couture, 84 N.H. 48, 51-56
5 For the reasons stated above, the court rejects DHMC’s argument that plaintiffs fail to satisfy the redressability prong of Article III standing.
8 (1929);6 see also Coburn v. Dyke, 103 N.H. 159, 161 (1961)
(noting that in Ghilain, “a foreign domiciliary administrator
was allowed to sue under our wrongful death statute without the
necessity of the appointment of an ancillary administrator in
this state”). In fact, plaintiffs cite a relatively recent case
against DHMC where a Vermont-appointed administrator brought a
wrongful-death action based on medical negligence in this court
without obtaining ancillary letters of administration in New
Hampshire. See Aumand v. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center,
No. 06-cv-434-JL. Thus, Bethanne Tillotson has standing to
bring this action on behalf of Sean’s estate in New Hampshire
without obtaining ancillary administration.
II. Count II
DHMC argues that Count II must be dismissed because the
Tillotsons are nonresident parents. However, DHMC points to no
authority to support its argument, and nothing in RSA 556:12
suggests that this right of action is limited to New Hampshire
residents. Therefore, both Bethanne and Gary Tillotson, as
Sean’s parents, have standing to assert their claim for loss of
familial relationship under RSA 556:12, III.
6Although New Hampshire’s wrongful-death statute has been amended since Ghilain was decided, the court has not overruled its holding that an out-of-state administrator may bring suit without obtaining ancillary letters of administration in New Hampshire.
9 In sum, plaintiffs have proper standing to bring this
wrongful-death action against DHMC under New Hampshire law, both
on behalf of the estate (Count I) and as the decedent’s parents
(Count II). DHMC does not otherwise challenge the jurisdiction
or venue of this court. Accordingly, the court denies DHMC’s
motion to dismiss.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, defendant’s motion to dismiss
(doc. no. 10) is denied.
SO ORDERED.
__________________________ Landya McCafferty United States District Judge
January 24, 2017
cc: Nicholas F. Casolaro, Esq. Bruce W. Felmly, Esq. Kaveh S. Shahi, Esq.