Thomson v. Rose

698 A.2d 1321, 1997 Pa. Super. LEXIS 2184
CourtSuperior Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedJuly 28, 1997
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 698 A.2d 1321 (Thomson v. Rose) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Superior Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Thomson v. Rose, 698 A.2d 1321, 1997 Pa. Super. LEXIS 2184 (Pa. Ct. App. 1997).

Opinions

CIRILLO, President Judge Emeritus.

This is an appeal from an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County. We affirm.

Appellant, Constance Rose (Mother), and Appellee, Ronald Thomson (Father), were married in 1971 and divorced in 1980. Three children were bom of the marriage: Brian, bom on October 13, 1972; Scott, born on March 7, 1975; and Lisa, bom on December 5, 1977. On July 29, 1980, Mother and Father entered into a Marriage Settlement Agreement. The Agreement provided that Father had custody of the three children and Mother was obligated to pay child support to Father as follows: $225.00 per month, reduced by one-half as each child reached 18 years of age or otherwise became emancipated. The Agreement was incorporated, not merged, into the divorce decree.

In 1988, the parties’ oldest child, Brian, began residing with Mother. At that time, Mother began paying reduced payments of $100.00 per month. Mother made no payments after August of 1989. On March 7, 1993, the parties’ other son, Scott, turned eighteen. In June of 1995, six months prior to the youngest child's eighteenth birthday (December 5, 1995), Father filed a pro se petition in civil contempt to enforce the support provisions of the Agreement. Thereafter, on August 30, 1995, the contempt hearing was continued. The parties entered into an interim consent order which was approved by the court and filed on September 7,1995. The order required Mother to pay Father $200.00 on the 20th day of each month, and it required Mother to pay Father $4,000.00 toward arrears on or before September 9,1995. The order stated that a determination of the support arrears and the issue of educational support would be made at a review hearing.

Mother made the $4,000.00 payment; she also made two support payments, each in the amount of $200.00. Thereafter, Mother discontinued payments. After two review hearings the hearing officer recommended arrears be set at $5,950.00. Mother filed exceptions. On September 13, 1996, the trial court dismissed the exceptions and entered the interim order as a final order.1 Mother appeals from this order and raises one issue:

Whether the trial court erred in denying exceptions and miscalculating arrearages owing on Mother’s support obligation in light of the plain language of the Marriage Settlement Agreement.

Mother argues that the plain language of the Agreement clearly sets forth the amount and calculation method for child support.2 Mother contends that “there is doubt that the Agreement is enforceable by the Family Division Judge as an Order of Court when there is no evidence that the Marriage Settlement Agreement was ever merged with the Divorce Decree.” We disagree.

Our scope of review in child support cases is well settled. We will not disturb a child support order absent an abuse of discretion, resting upon clear and convincing evidence. Kelly v. Kelly, 430 Pa.Super. 31, 32, 633 A.2d 218, 219 (1993). An abuse of [1323]*1323discretion occurs if insufficient evidence exists to sustain a support award, if the trial court overrides or misapplies existing law, or if the judgment exercised by the trial court is manifestly unreasonable. Id.

In Sonder v. Sonder, 378 Pa.Super. 474, 549 A.2d 155 (1988)(en banc), this court held that where the parties’ agreement provided for support and the agreement was incorporated, but not merged, into the divorce decree, the agreement survived the divorce decree and could be enforced at law (in as-sumpsit) or equity (specific performance); the dispute was governed by the law of contracts. Sonder, 378 Pa.Super. at 487, 549 A.2d at 162. If, however, an agreement was merged into the divorce decree, it would take on “all of the attributes of support orders for purposes of modification and enforcement.” Id. at 512, 549 A.2d at 175. See Jones v. Jones, 438 Pa.Super. 26, 29, 651 A.2d 157, 158 (1994); McMahon v. McMahon, 417 Pa.Super. 592, 612 A.2d 1360 (1992)(en bane); Flick v. Flick, 408 Pa.Super. 110, 113, 596 A.2d 216, 218 (1991).

The Sonder court noted, however, that agreements which provided for both property and support matters, or “hybrid” agreements, see Sonder, 378 Pa.Super. at 491 n. 4, 549 A.2d at 164 n. 4, were subject to court intervention. The court stated that it is “inconceivable” that such agreements would be irreversible when the interest of justice and the best interests of the child require otherwise. Id. at 491-95, 549 A.2d at 164-65. “[VJisitation and custody matters will be enforced according to the best interests of the child and as with support [o]r-ders, advisory effect will be given to the agreement but without binding effect on the court when it is not in the best interests of the child.” Id. at 493-94, 549 A.2d at 165 (emphasis added). Parties to a separation agreement cannot bargain away the rights of the children; the interests of the child will always be subject to the watchful eyes of the court. See Knorr v. Knorr, 527 Pa. 83, 588 A.2d 503 (1991); Shirley v. Javan, 454 Pa.Super. 131, 684 A.2d 1088 (1996); Sonder, supra

As a result of 1988 and 1990 amendments to the Divorce Code,3 the enforcement provisions, remedies, and sanctions of the Divorce Code became available to parties to an agreement so long as the agreement pertains to matters within the court’s jurisdiction under the Divorce Code. See 23 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3101; 3105(a). The amendments expressly permit parties to enforce agreements through the remedies available in the Divorce Code; this includes the courts’ enforcement powers and powers of contempt. See 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 3105(a); see also 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 3502(e)(9)(“If, ... a party has failed to comply with an order of equitable distribution, as provided for in this chapter or with the terms of an agreement as entered into between the parties, after hearing, the court may, in addition to any other remedy available under this part, in order to effect compliance with its order: ... find the party in contempt.”).

Section 3105(a) pertains to matters under Part IV of Title 23; it is Part V that addresses child support, specifically Chapter 43. See 23 Pa.C.S.A § 4321 (Liability for support); see also 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 4321(3) (“Parents may be liable for the support of their children who are 18 years of age or [1324]*1324older.”). The legislature did not extend section 3105(a) of the Divorce Code to Part V of the Domestic Relations Code, see 23 Pa. C.S.A. § 101, because parties’ agreements pertaining to matters of child support or child custody are always subject to court intervention. See Sonder, 378 Pa.Super. at 491-95, 549 A.2d at 164-165; see also 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 3105(b) (provisions pertaining to custody, support or visitation are subject to modification by the court upon a showing of changed circumstances); 23 Pa.C.S.A.

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Bluebook (online)
698 A.2d 1321, 1997 Pa. Super. LEXIS 2184, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/thomson-v-rose-pasuperct-1997.