Thomas v. Thomas

382 N.W.2d 639, 1986 N.D. LEXIS 267
CourtNorth Dakota Supreme Court
DecidedFebruary 20, 1986
DocketCiv. 10969
StatusPublished
Cited by12 cases

This text of 382 N.W.2d 639 (Thomas v. Thomas) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering North Dakota Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Thomas v. Thomas, 382 N.W.2d 639, 1986 N.D. LEXIS 267 (N.D. 1986).

Opinions

LEVINE,' Justice.

Merlyn Thomas appeals from the order of the District Court of Stark County denying his motion to vacate an amended judgment. We consider the propriety of serving a motion to amend judgment upon a party, rather than upon the attorney who represented that party in the initial divorce action. We affirm.

When Merlyn and Betty Thomas were divorced in Stark County in 1977, Betty was represented by attorney Robert Baird and Merlyn was represented by attorney Mark Greenwood. Pursuant to the divorce judgment, Betty was awarded custody of the three minor children and Merlyn was ordered to pay child support.

In 1981, Merlyn appeared pro se before the District Court of Mercer County on an order to show cause. Merlyn was adjudged to be in arrears in support payments and was ordered to make increased payments to include payments on the ar-rearages.

Betty employed her present counsel, Robert Keogh, in late 1983, and, on February 3, 1984, an order to show cause and motion to modify the judgment was served upon Merlyn personally by the sheriff. Merlyn responded by a letter to Mr. Keogh dated February 27, 1984, in which he stated: “At this time I cannot afford legal services because of my finacal [sic] situation and health condition bills.” Merlyn appeared pro se throughout the modification proceedings before the District Court of Stark County. Following a hearing on December 17, 1984, the district court on December 19, 1984, entered an amended judgment which provided for increased child support.

On February 18, 1985, Merlyn brought a motion to vacate the amended judgment pursuant to Rule 60(b)(iv) and (vi), N.D.R. Civ.P. At that time Merlyn was represented by attorney Mark Greenwood. Merlyn contended that Betty’s motion to modify the judgment should have been served upon his attorney of record in the original divorce action rather than upon him personally. The trial court denied Merlyn’s motion and he has appealed.1

Rule 60(b)(iv), N.D.R.Civ.P., allows the court to provide relief from a judgment which is void. Merlyn contends that Betty's failure to comply with Rule 5(b), N.D. R.Civ.P., deprived the court of jurisdiction and rendered the subsequent amended judgment void. The trial court, under its continuing jurisdiction over divorce actions which include child support provisions, clearly had subject matter jurisdiction. Furthermore, the trial court clearly had in personam jurisdiction over Merlyn through the sheriff’s personal service upon Merlyn of Betty’s motion and order to show cause. We fail to see how service of the motion upon Merlyn personally, rather than upon his attorney, can divest the court of jurisdiction. We conclude that the trial court did not err in denying Merlyn’s motion under Rule 60(b)(iv).

Merlyn’s motion to vacate the amended judgment was also based upon Rule 60(b)(vi), N.D.R.Civ.P., which provides that [641]*641a court may relieve a party from a final judgment or order for “any other reason justifying relief from the operation of the judgment.” An application to vacate a judgment under that subsection is addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court, and its decision will not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion. Zundel v. Zundel, 146 N.W.2d 896, 901 (N.D.1966). In order to determine whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying Merlyn’s motion, we must review Betty’s alleged violation of Rule 5(b), N.D.R. Civ.P.

Merlyn contends that Rule 5(b) required that Betty serve the motion upon Mark Greenwood, his attorney in the 1977 divorce action.2 The pertinent portion of Rule 5(b) provides:

“(b) Service — How Made. Whenever under these rules service is required or permitted to be made upon a party represented by an attorney the service shall be made upon the attorney unless service upon the party himself is ordered by the court.”

Merlyn contends that he was “represented by an attorney” because Mark Greenwood was still listed as the attorney of record in the initial divorce action, although there is no indication in the record of any contact between Merlyn and Greenwood in the 6V2 year period between the conclusion of the original divorce and the commencement of this proceeding. We are thus presented with the question whether an attorney who represents a client in the original divorce action continues to represent the client 6V2 years after the divorce judgment.

Other jurisdictions have been presented with similar questions regarding the propriety of service of a motion to modify a divorce judgment upon the opposing party’s attorney in the initial divorce, with an apparent split among the various jurisdictions which have considered the issue. See Annot., 42 A.L.R.2d 1115 (1955), and An-not., 15 A.L.R. 627 (1921), for a compilation of cases. See also Cox v. Cox, 457 F.2d 1190, 1197 (3rd Cir.1972); Scarth v. Scarth, 211 Or. 121, 128-129, 315 P.2d 141, 144-145 (1957). It appears, however, that all of these cases involve factual situations different from the instant case. In those cases service was made on the attorney, and the client complained that such service was inadequate. We also note that those cases apparently did not involve rules similar to Rule 5(b), N.D.R.Civ.P.

Rule 5(b), N.D.R.Civ.P., is adopted nearly verbatim from the corresponding federal rule, and we therefore look to interpretive federal caselaw as an aid in construing our own rule. E.g., Shark v. Thompson, 373 N.W.2d 859, 863 (N.D.1985). We have found one case construing the federal rule and one case construing a state’s adaptation of the rule which we find persuasive in resolving the issue before us.

In Tilghman v. Tilghman, 57 F.Supp. 417 (D.D.C.1944), the ex-wife moved the court for an order allowing attorneys fees for proceedings subsequent to judgment, for a money judgment for alimony arrear-ages, and for an order holding the ex-husband in contempt. The ex-husband was served personally, and he moved to quash the motion on the ground that Rule 5(b), F.R.Civ.P., required service upon his attorney. The court, in denying the motion to quash, stated:

“It is true plaintiff did not obtain, in advance, an order of court for service upon the party instead of the attorney, but I cannot believe the Rules are to be construed so narrowly as to make such failure a ground for invalidating the service herein. Such construction would be contrary to their spirit and purpose which is epitomized in Rule 1 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, wherein it is stated that they should be construed to secure just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action.
“Indeed, it would seem to be desirable practice, in motions of this character (and [642]*642I have heretofore so indicated), to serve defendant personally under order of court, rather than his attorney of record, whenever there is likely to be a showing that, with the passage of years after final judgment, the attorney has lost contact with his client.

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Thomas v. Thomas
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Bluebook (online)
382 N.W.2d 639, 1986 N.D. LEXIS 267, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/thomas-v-thomas-nd-1986.