Texas Employers' Insurance Ass'n v. Tobias

669 S.W.2d 742
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedSeptember 7, 1983
Docket04-82-00127-CV
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 669 S.W.2d 742 (Texas Employers' Insurance Ass'n v. Tobias) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Texas Employers' Insurance Ass'n v. Tobias, 669 S.W.2d 742 (Tex. Ct. App. 1983).

Opinions

OPINION

TIJERINA, Justice.

This is an appeal from a judgment in a worker’s compensation case. The trial court rendered judgment for the children of the deceased employee for the maximum amount of $70.00 per week with a rever-sionary interest to Mrs. Tobias, the surviving wife.

The worker, Frutoso Tobias, was killed on February 11, 1976, while working for H.B. Zachry Company. He was survived by his wife, Mariana Tobias, and six children. It appears that appellant had previously filed suit (cause number 77-CI-17189) contesting the final award of the Industrial Accident Board, rendered November 1, 1977, awarding Worker’s Compensation death benefits. The trial court granted summary judgment for the three (3) minor children, awarding compensation in the sum of $35.00 per week. The surviving wife’s cause of action was disputed, and a judgment in her favor was appealed on the issue of good cause for late filing. It is apparent Texas Employers’ Insurance Association only appealed that portion of the judgment which awarded benefits to the widow. Texas Employer’s Insurance Association v. Tobias, 614 S.W.2d 901 (Tex.Civ.App. — Eastland 1981, writ dism’d). The appellate court reversed, ordering that Mrs. Tobias take nothing. In the instant case, the minor children filed suit seeking the full statutory compensation benefits. Mrs. Tobias was allowed to join in this suit, seeking a reversionary interest in the additional death benefits upon the termination of eligibility of the last eligible child. The trial court rendered judgment for the minor children for the maximum amount of $70.00 per week with a reversionary interest to Mrs. Tobias. It is undisputed that $70.00 per week was the applicable compensation rate in effect at the time of the death of the worker.

Appellant advances four points of error contending that the children’s claim to additional death benefits and Mrs. Tobias’s claim for a reversionary interest are barred [744]*744by res judicata. The third and fourth points assert that appellees did not meet the jurisdictional requirements for bringing a compensation suit in the district court and that the minor children are not entitled to $70.00 per week future death benefits.

The record reflects that the trial court, by agreement of the parties, granted summary judgment in the first case (77-CI-17189), on February 13, 1979, in favor of the minor children and granted to them one-half of the death benefits, prrata. Thus, the minor children were severed out of the case. In City of Houston v. Socony Mobil Oil Co., Inc., 421 S.W.2d 427 (Tex.Civ.App. — Houston [1st Dist.] 1967, writ ref d n.r.e.) the court held:

It is the clear purport of this rule [TEX.R.CIV.P. 166-A] to make the issues determined on the motion for summary judgment final. Once an interlocutory summary judgment is entered, the issues decided cannot be further litigated unless the judgment is set aside by the trial court, or unless summary judgment is reversed on appeal.

Id. at 430. The 1977 lawsuit went to trial before a jury on September 10, 1979, with only Mrs. Tobias, the surviving wife, as a party plaintiff seeking to recover the remaining one-half of the statutory compensation benefits. The minor children were no longer parties to the suit, or witnesses, nor did they have any issue or interest involved in the case.

The elements of res judicata consist of (1) identity of the thing sued for, (2) identity of the cause of action, and (3) identity of the persons and parties of the action. Lozano v. Patrician Movement, 483 S.W.2d 369, 371 (Tex.Civ.App. — San Antonio 1972, writ ref’d n.r.e.). See also Franklin v. Rainey, 556 S.W.2d 583, 585 (Tex.Civ.App. — Dallas 1977), reiterating that the doctrine of res judicata applies where there is an identity of parties, issues, subject matter, relief sought and cause of action. The minor children’s cause of action was not litigated nor decided in the first case nor could it have been. If the minor children had an interest in the remaining one-half of the statutory workers’ compensation death benefits, that interest did not accrue until Mrs. Tobias, their natural mother and the surviving wife, was judicially declared ineligible. We do not accept appellant’s contention that the minor children were parties to the first case, for as the appellate court stated, “Defendant only appeals that portion of the judgment which awarded benefits to the widow.” Texas Employers Insurance Association v. Tobias, supra at 902.

The long established res judicata rule in this State requires that the issue involved must be in existence and not merely prospective. See Moore v. Snowball, 98 Tex. 16, 81 S.W. 5 (Tex.1904). Justice Calvert, speaking for the Supreme Court in Cowling v. Colligan, 158 Tex. 458, 312 S.W.2d 943, 947 (1958), held that a judgment is res judicata only in respect to present and not future conditions. Accord, Griffin v. Holiday Inns of America, 496 S.W.2d 535 (Tex.1973). Therefore, the question of the widow’s ineligibility did not become viable until the appellate court’s mandate was issued in the first case. The issue in the case at bar is the eligibility or right of the minor children to receive the remaining one-half of the statutory compensation death benefit. It is undisputed that the total statutory compensation death benefits in effect upon the death of the worker was $70.00 per week. A claim must be in existence at the time suit is filed, and cannot be merely prospective. Cf. Gray v. Kirkland, 550 S.W.2d 410, 411 (Tex.Civ.App. — Corpus Christi 1977, writ ref’d n.r.e.) (no duty to file a counterclaim unless claim is mature). As to matters that arise subsequently, the prior judgment would not be res judicata. Fort Worth Stockyards Co. v. Brown, 161 S.W.2d 549, 555 (Tex.Civ.App. — Fort Worth 1942, no writ).

We do note that under TEX.REV.CIV. STAT.ANN. art. 8306, §§ 8, 8a (Vernon Supp.1982-1983), there is no provision which states that upon the ineligibility of the mother to receive benefits that her share of the benefits shall revert to the [745]*745minor children. In Blankenship v. Highlands Insurance Co., 594 S.W.2d 147 (Tex.Civ.App. — Dallas 1980, writ ref’d n.r.e.), however, the court was confronted with the question of whether the minor children had a reversionary interest in the Workers’ Compensation benefits payable to the widow after her remarriage. The court held that although the statute does not have such a provision, the children are entitled to full statutory benefits so long as there is an eligible beneficiary remaining. More recently in Sunbelt Insurance Co. v. Childress, 640 S.W.2d 356 (Tex.App.

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Texas Employers' Insurance Ass'n v. Tobias
669 S.W.2d 742 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1983)

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