Tarnopolski v. COM, DEPT. OF TRANSP.

589 A.2d 287, 138 Pa. Commw. 698, 1991 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 183

• Court: Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: April 5, 1991
• Docket: 1309 C.D. 1990
• Status: Published

Opinions

SMITH, Judge.

Before this Court is the appeal of Kathleen M. Tarnopolski (Tarnopolski) from the May 30, 1990 decision of the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County which dismissed Tarnopolski’s appeal from the suspension of her operating privilege by the Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing (DOT). The trial court’s decision is affirmed.

Tarnopolski received a citation on November 23, 1989 by the district justice of Conyngham Borough, Luzerne County, charging her with a violation of Section 6308 of the Crimes Code, 18 Pa.C.S. § 6308 (underage alcohol consumption). On December 6, 1989, Tarnopolski signed and returned the citation to the district justice as required by Pa.R.Crim.P. 62 and 63 indicating her plea of not guilty. On January 4, 1990, according to Tarnopolski, her father, without Tarnopolski’s consent or knowledge, paid the fine and costs imposed by the citation. As a result of that payment, on January 4, 1990 the district justice certified Tarnopolski's conviction for underage drinking to DOT.¹ On February 21, 1990, DOT ordered that Tarnopolski’s operating privilege be suspended effective March 28, 1990 as a result of the certification by the district justice on January 4, 1990. That suspension was appealed to the trial court which held a hearing on May 23, 1990.

On May 30, 1990, the trial court dismissed Tarnopolski’s appeal and reinstated the ninety-day suspension imposed by DOT pursuant to Section 6310.4 of the Crimes Code, 18 Pa.C.S. § 6310.4. In the interim, however, on March 20, 1990, the district justice, despite his prior certification to DOT, held a hearing on the underage drinking charge at which time Tarnopolski pled guilty to disorderly conduct and the underage drinking charge was dismissed.

In a license suspension case, the only issues are whether the licensee was in fact convicted and whether DOT has acted in accordance with applicable law. Zeitlen v. Department of Transportation, 106 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 170, 525 A.2d 876 (1987).² Tarnopolski contends that the trial court erred when it found that her father’s payment of the fine and costs constituted a guilty plea and therefore a conviction for the purpose of suspending her operating privilege.

DOT asserts that based upon the certification received from the district justice and Tarnopolski’s admission that her father paid the fine and costs of the underage drinking citation, it has met its burden of showing that Tarnopolski was in fact convicted of the charge. In support, DOT cites Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. McBrearty, 123 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 257, 553 A.2d 1036 (1989) (the motorist’s mother paid the fine on a citation charging the motorist with driving while his operating privilege was suspended or revoked) and Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Williamson, 91 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 84, 496 A.2d 910 (1985) (the motorist’s husband paid her fine and costs on a citation that charged the motorist with driving without a license). In both cases, this Court held that payment of the fine and costs by a third person constituted a conviction.

Tarnopolski acknowledges the holdings of McBrearty and Williamson, but argues that those decisions are factually distinguishable because neither involves a person’s affirmative written assertion of innocence prior to the payment of a fine (Tarnopolski entered a written non-guilty plea to the underage drinking charge). Tarnopolski further distinguishes both McBrearty and Williamson from her case by stating that both McBrearty and Williamson pertained to violations of the Vehicle Code which contains a provision stating that a guilty plea will be entered upon payment of the fine,³ while her violation falls into the Crimes Code which has no similar provision. Tarnopolski Brief, pp. 8-9. However, a line of cases preceding the enactment of 75 Pa.C.S. § 6501(b) upholds a license suspension based upon conviction where payment of the fine and costs by another has already been made. See Commonwealth v. James, 6 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 493, 296 A.2d 530 (1972); Department of Transportation v. Durkin, 22 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 492, 349 A.2d 791 (1976); Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Lamb, 12 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 508, 316 A.2d 148 (1974). As this Court stated in James:

We do not say that the unauthorized payment of fine and costs by a person other than the licensee unqualifiedly constitutes a conviction of the violation charged. We simply say that this should be determined at the proper time in the proper proceeding.

James, 6 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. at 497, 296 A.2d at 532. Consequently, a conviction entered by a district justice, even where that conviction may be entered by the actions of a third party, must be challenged in the appropriate forum and proceeding.

DOT asserts that once the district justice entered a guilty disposition on the underage drinking citation upon payment of the fine and costs, he did not have the authority to later discharge that citation. In response, Tarnopolski contends that the adjudication of guilt on January 4, 1990, by payment of the fine and costs, was void because there was a valid not-guilty plea entered by Tarnopolski and, hence, the March 20,1990 hearing at which she entered into a plea bargain was proper. However, the exclusive method for challenging a summary criminal conviction by a district justice is through an appeal of that conviction to the trial court. Commonwealth v. Liptak, 392 Pa.Superior Ct. 468, 573 A.2d 559 (1990); Commonwealth v. Bassion, 390 Pa.Superior Ct. 564, 568 A.2d 1316 (1990); Pa.R.Crim.P. 86.

Tarnopolski submits that once she entered her plea of not guilty, withdrawal of that plea requires a colloquy with her as a prerequisite to withdrawal, citing Commonwealth v. Butler, 454 Pa. 95, 309 A.2d 720 (1973) and Commonwealth v. Taylor, 448 Pa. 272, 292 A.2d 340 (1972). Further, Tarnopolski asserts that a constitutionally protected right may not be presumed as waived from a silent record citing Commonwealth v. Johnson, 319 Pa.Superior Ct. 463, 466 A.2d 636 (1983), and any waiver must be a knowing and intelligent one of record. Commonwealth v. Szekeresh, 357 Pa.Superior Ct. 149, 515 A.2d 605 (1986), appeal denied, 515 Pa. 606, 529 A.2d 1080 (1987).

Tarnopolski’s appropriate avenue to challenge the district justice’s disposition of the citation was to file an appeal within thirty days of the conviction to the common pleas court under Pa.R.Crim.P. 86. “The appropriate method of challenging the propriety of a summary conviction, whether after hearing or by plea, is by a timely appeal to the court of common pleas pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 86. ... [s]uch an appeal is the exclusive means of challenging a summary conviction.” Bassion, 390 Pa.Superior Ct. at 567, 568 A.2d at 1318 (emphasis in original). Tarnopolski failed to do so. The district justice therefore lacked jurisdiction to alter the January 4, 1990 disposition after thirty days had elapsed, and hence the March 20, 1990 order by the district justice discharging the underage drinking charge was a nullity. Liptak; Bassion; Pa.R.Crim.P. 86. DOT has met its burden of showing that Tarnopolski was in fact convicted of the underlying Crimes Code violation.

For the above mentioned reasons, the trial court’s decision is accordingly affirmed.

ORDER

AND NOW, this 5th day of April, 1991, the order of the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County is hereby affirmed.

1 . Pursuant to Section 6310.4 of the Crimes Code, 18 Pa.C.S. § 6310.4, any person convicted of underage alcohol consumption shall have his or her operating privilege suspended. Under Section 6501 of the Vehicle Code, 75 Pa.C.S. § 6501, payment of the fine and costs imposed by a citation constitutes a conviction. Tarnopolski, however, was not charged under the Vehicle Code.

2 . This Court’s scope of review in a license suspension matter is limited to determining whether the trial court’s findings of fact are supported by competent evidence, whether errors of law have been committed, or whether the trial court’s decision demonstrates a manifest abuse of discretion. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing v. Emery, 135 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 274, 580 A.2d 909 (1990). Furthermore, in a license suspension matter, the burden of proof is on DOT to produce a record of the conviction which supports the suspension. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Traffic Safety v. Stiver, 100 Pa.Commonwealth Ct. 573, 515 A.2d 99 (1986).

3 . 75 Pa.C.S. § 6501(b).