Tamez v. State

980 S.W.2d 845, 1998 Tex. App. LEXIS 6102, 1998 WL 670667
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedSeptember 30, 1998
Docket04-97-00432-CR
StatusPublished
Cited by17 cases

This text of 980 S.W.2d 845 (Tamez v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Tamez v. State, 980 S.W.2d 845, 1998 Tex. App. LEXIS 6102, 1998 WL 670667 (Tex. Ct. App. 1998).

Opinions

OPINION

ANGELINI, Justice.

Nature of the case

A jury found Joe A. Tamez guilty of the felony offense of driving while intoxicated. The jury assessed punishment at ten years confinement. In his sole issue on appeal, Tamez alleges that the court erred in allowing the State to read to the jury the portions of the indictment alleging six prior DWI convictions and by admitting evidence of the prior convictions during the guilt-innocence phase of trial.

Factual Background

The indictment alleged that Tamez operated a motor vehicle on June 30, 1996 without the normal use of his mental or physical faculties by the reason of the introduction of alcohol into his body. The indictment then alleged Tamez’s six prior convictions for DWI. In a pre-trial hearing on Tamez’s motion in limine, his defense counsel argued that reading the indictment to the jury with six prior convictions and admitting evidence of the prior convictions during the guilt-innocence phase of trial allowed extraneous offense evidence to be admitted to prove character conformity in violation of Rule 404(b).1 Defense counsel also argued under Rule 403 that the probative value of the prior convictions were outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice.2 Prior to the reading of the indictment, Tamez offered to stipulate to the prior convictions and to the court’s jurisdiction over the case. Defense counsel also renewed her objections based on Rules 403 and 404(b). The court allowed the State to read the indictment with the six prior convic[847]*847tions. Defense counsel made the same objections when the State offered evidence of the prior convictions during the guilt-innocence phase of trial.

Felony DWI

On appeal, Tamez argues that the evidence of his prior convictions allowed him to be convicted because of his propensity for committing the crime of DWI, rather than for the offense he was on trial for. See Tex.R.Crim. Evid. 404(b). If it is shown during a DWI trial that the defendant has been convicted two times of an offense relating to the operating of a motor vehicle while intoxicated, the offense is a felony of the third degree. Tex. Pen.Code Ann. § 49.09(b) (Vernon Supp.1998). In order to elevate the misdemeanor offense of DWI to a third degree felony, the two prior DWT convictions must be included in the indictment because they are jurisdictional. See Williams v. State, 946 S.W.2d 886, 898-99 (Tex.App. — Waco 1997, no pet.); Pope v. State, 802 S.W.2d 418, 421 (Tex.App. — Austin 1991, no pet.); State v. Wheeler, 790 S.W.2d 415, 416 (Tex.App. — Amarillo 1990, no pet.); Addington v. State, 730 S.W.2d 788, 790 (Tex.App. — Texarkana 1987, pet. refd.). Article 36.01 of the Code of Criminal Procedure requires the prosecutor to read the indictment to the jury. Article 36.01 states:

The indictment or information shall be read to the jury by the attorney prosecuting. When prior convictions are alleged for purposes of enhancement only and are not jurisdictional, that portion of the indictment or information reciting such convictions shall not be read until the hearing on punishment is held as provided in Article 37.07.

Tex.Code Ckim. PROC. Ann. art. 36.01(a)(1) (Vernon Supp.1998). In a felony DWI indictment, the prior convictions are jurisdictional and not for enhancement only. Maibauer v. State, 968 S.W.2d 502, 507 (Tex.App. — Waco 1998, pet. refd.); Pope, 802 S.W.2d at 421. Although Tamez offered to stipulate to the court’s jurisdiction, the State was required to read to the jury the six prior convictions in the indictment. Warren v. State, 693 S.W.2d 414, 415 (Tex.Crim.App.1985) (reading of the indictment under article 36.01 is mandatory). Further, parties may not confer jurisdiction on a court. Wheeler, 790 S.W.2d at 416 (citing Garcia v. Dial, 596 S.W.2d 524, 527 (Tex.Crim.App. [Panel Op.] 1980)). In order to prove the prior convictions, the State had to introduce evidence of the prior convictions during the guilt-innocence phase of trial. Further, the prior convictions had to be included in the jury charge and found to be true before the jury could find Tamez guilty of the offense of felony DWI. See Pope, 802 S.W.2d at 421. Thus, the prior convictions were jurisdictional and not evidence of extraneous offenses and the court did not err in allowing the State to read the indictment or present evidence of the prior convictions during the guilt-innocence phase of trial.

Because only two prior convictions are necessary to confer felony jurisdiction, Tamez argues that the State should have been limited to proving two convictions instead of six. However, section 49.09(b) does not limit the State to pleading or proving only two prior convictions. See Read v. State, 955 S.W.2d 435, 437 (Tex.App. — Fort Worth 1997, pet. refd.).

Rule 403

Tamez argues that the relative probative value of the prior convictions was slight, while the risk of unfair prejudice was high, especially in light of his agreement to stipulate to the prior convictions. Tamez urges us to follow the holding in Old Chief v. United States, 519 U.S. 172, 117 S.Ct. 644, 136 L.Ed.2d 574 (1997), to interpret Rule 403. In Old Chief, the defendant was being prosecuted for the federal crime of a felon in possession of a firearm.3 Old Chief, 117 S.Ct. at 647. The defendant offered to stipulate that he had been convicted of a felony, so that the jury need only consider whether he possessed a firearm and not know the nature [848]*848of the felony conviction. Id. at 648. The court denied the request. Id. The Supreme Court held, under Federal Rule of Evidence 403, that because the defendant was willing to stipulate to the felony conviction, the probative value of any extrinsic evidence of the conviction was substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. Id. at 655.

The language of Rule 403 is nearly identical to that in Federal Rule 403. Fed.R.Evid. 403. Both provide that relevant evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. Prior federal decisions should be followed unless Texas statutes dictate a different outcome. Maibauer, 968 S.W.2d at 506 (citing State v. Klein, 154 Tex.Crim. 31, 38, 224 S.W.2d 250, 253-54 (1949)). However, the Tenth Court of Appeals has declined to apply the holding in Old Chief to prior convictions alleged in a felony DWI casa Id. In Maibauer,

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Tamez v. State
980 S.W.2d 845 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1998)

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Bluebook (online)
980 S.W.2d 845, 1998 Tex. App. LEXIS 6102, 1998 WL 670667, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/tamez-v-state-texapp-1998.