Succession of Venture

682 So. 2d 988, 1996 WL 638221
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedNovember 6, 1996
Docket96-559
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 682 So. 2d 988 (Succession of Venture) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Succession of Venture, 682 So. 2d 988, 1996 WL 638221 (La. Ct. App. 1996).

Opinion

682 So.2d 988 (1996)

SUCCESSION OF Winona Quirk VENTRE,

No. 96-559.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Third Circuit.

November 6, 1996.

Leslie J. Schiff, Opelousas, for Emile K. Ventre.

*989 David L. Carriere, Opelousas, for Kathleen Quirk Lipari (Administratrix).

Ferdinand John Iseringhausen, Sunset, for Darryl Eugene Quirk et al. (Absentee Heirs).

Before WOODARD, DECUIR and PETERS, JJ.

DECUIR, Judge.

This appeal arises from a petition for declaratory judgment filed by Dr. Emile K. Ventre, Jr. attempting to nullify a marriage contract. The trial court found the marriage contract to be valid. We affirm for different reasons.

FACTS

Winona Quirk Ventre died of injuries sustained in an automobile accident on November 3, 1991. She was married twice. The first marriage was dissolved by divorce, and Winona married the plaintiff, Emile Ventre, on December 12, 1975. She had no children by either marriage.

Emile and Winona entered into a marriage contract stipulating that they chose to remain separate in property. The crucial issue in this case is the actual date on which the marriage contract was executed. The instrument bears a typed date of December 10, 1975, two days before the marriage. The instrument was filed in the public records on January 13, 1976. The disposition of several hundred thousand dollars worth of property turns on the resolution of this issue.

If the contract is found to be valid, Winona and Emile would be separate in property at the time of her death. Her separate estate would be inherited by her brothers, sisters, nieces, and nephews. If the contract is found invalid, then Emile and Winona established a community property regime at the time of their marriage. Winona's community property would be inherited by Emile and her collateral heirs would receive whatever separate property exists outside the marriage contract.

Emile Ventre filed a petition for declaratory judgment, which was answered by Winona's collateral heirs. A trial was conducted on the issue of whether or not Winona and Emile were married on the date the marriage contract was executed. The trial court found the marriage contract to be valid. Emile moved for a new trial, and the motion was denied. Emile filed a second motion for new trial based on newly discovered evidence. The trial court denied the second motion, noting that he was without authority to entertain a second motion for new trial. Emile lodged this appeal alleging the trial court erred in finding the marriage contract valid and in the alternative requesting that the matter be remanded for new trial based on the newly discovered evidence.

LAW

The law in effect when the marriage contract in this case was confected (prior to 1980) provided that a matrimonial agreement had to be in authentic form and must have been entered into prior to the celebration of the marriage. La.Civ.Code arts. 2328 and 2329 (1870). Interspousal contracts were prohibited by law except as specified in La. Civ.Code art. 2446 (1870), which provided for sales and transfers in specific instances that are inapplicable to this case. La.Civ.Code art. 1790 (1870); O'Krepki v. O'Krepki, 529 So.2d 1317 (La.App. 5 Cir.), writ denied, 532 So.2d 767 (La.1988). The authentic act constituted full proof of the agreement it contained. La.Civ.Code art. 2236 (1870).

Additionally, La.Civ.Code art. 2276 (1870), provided:

Neither shall parol evidence be admitted against or beyond what is contained in the acts, nor on what may have been said before, or at the time of making them, or since.

The trial court believed that the only exception to this rule was for testimonial proof that the date on the instrument was the product of a clerical or inadvertent error. See Clauss v. Burgess, 12 La.Ann. 142 (1857); Louis v. Garrison, 64 So.2d 254 (La.App. Orl.1953).

Based on the foregoing authority, the trial court found that the parol evidence did not suggest an improper date due to clerical or inadvertent error and was therefore, inadmissible. Left with only the authentic act *990 itself, he declared the marriage contract valid.

This reasoning was not sound, and the district court erred in not considering the parol evidence. This is because the parties to the authentic act were alleged to be husband and wife and thus fall under an exception to the parol evidence rule.

In Smith v. Smith, 239 La. 688, 119 So.2d 827, 829 (1960), the supreme court stated:

Since contracts between spouses are specifically forbidden by Articles 1790 and 2446 of the Civil Code, save for the three purposes detailed in Article 2446, it follows that any husband and wife who attempt to contract in violation of those restrictions do so in fraudem legis. If parol evidence is admissible to show fraud practiced on one of the contracting parties, it would, a fortiori, appear that it should be received when the fraud has been perpetrated on the law itself. And so this Court has held that parol evidence may be introduced to show that any obligation has been contracted in fraudem legis regardless of what form may have been given to the reprobated contract. Lazare v. Jacques, 15 La.Ann. 599; Kelly v. Kelly, [131 La. 1024, 60 So. 671 (1912)]; Ducote v. Stark, La.App., 87 So.2d 770.
If Article 2236 were to be applied and parol evidence excluded in cases involving the absence of consideration in contracts between a husband and wife, the spouses could easily evade the restrictions of Article 2446 and make prohibited contracts with each other simply by using the authentic act to disguise the true circumstances. But such manipulations are not sanctioned in view of Articles 11 and 12 of the Civil Code:
"Art. 11. Individuals can not by their conventions, derogate from the force of laws made for the preservation of public order or good morals." ...
"Art. 12. Whatever is done in contravention of a prohibitory law, is void, although the nullity be not formally directed."
* * * * * *
Furthermore, as we have above shown, parol evidence is admissible in all cases of contracts between spouses when they have attempted to violate a prohibitory law, notwithstanding that they have clothed their forbidden transactions in authentic form or other writings. It is true that the Court of Appeal for the Parish of Orleans ruled otherwise in Thomas v. Thomas, [63 So.2d 468 (La.App.Orl.1953)], but that decision, being contrary to our jurisprudence on this subject, cannot be followed.

Accordingly, the district court erred in failing to consider parol evidence for the purpose of determining the validity of the marriage contract. Having so found, we must now examine the parol evidence admitted by the district court for its full import.

PAROL EVIDENCE

In support of his contention that the marriage contract is invalid, Emile Ventre testified on his own behalf.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Succession of Jenkins v. Leonard
87 So. 3d 230 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 2012)
Ventre v. Lipari
832 So. 2d 1228 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 2002)
Saucier v. Bunkie Wood Products Co.
759 So. 2d 794 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 1999)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
682 So. 2d 988, 1996 WL 638221, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/succession-of-venture-lactapp-1996.