Stewart v. Farmers Bank (In re Johnson)

39 B.R. 358, 1984 Bankr. LEXIS 5952
CourtUnited States Bankruptcy Court, M.D. Tennessee
DecidedApril 4, 1984
DocketBankruptcy No. 382-00897; Adv. No. 382-0680
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 39 B.R. 358 (Stewart v. Farmers Bank (In re Johnson)) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Bankruptcy Court, M.D. Tennessee primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Stewart v. Farmers Bank (In re Johnson), 39 B.R. 358, 1984 Bankr. LEXIS 5952 (Tenn. 1984).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM

KEITH M. LUNDIN, Bankruptcy Judge.

The trustee seeks a declaratory judgment of entitlement to the proceeds from the sale of the debtors’ land. The issues are: (1) whether postpetition perfection of the bank’s security interest by payment of state recordation taxes and statutory penalties relates back to perfection of the original deed of trust to protect the bank’s security interest from avoidance by the trustee; and (2) if the bank’s security interest is avoided by the trustee, whether the debtors can claim an exemption in the sale proceeds. The court finds that the bank’s postpetition payment of recordation taxes and penalties did not perfect a security interest superior to the trustee, and the debtors have no exemptable interest in the sale proceeds.

The following constitute findings of fact and conclusions of law as required by Rule 7052 of the Bankruptcy Rules.

The facts are not disputed. On April 24, 1979, James Allen Johnson and Donna Jane Johnson (“debtors”) borrowed $15,000 from The Farmers Bank (“Bank”). The loan was secured by a deed of trust on real property. The deed of trust was recorded on June 13, 1979 and the required state recordation tax was paid on the $15,000 indebtedness. The debtors thereafter obtained two additional loans from the Bank in the principal amounts of $10,116.66 on July 1, 1980 and $8,289.84 on February 20, 1981. The two subsequent loans were secured by the same real property and there is an undisputed future advances clause1 in the original deed of trust. The Bank did not pay the state recordation tax on the additional indebtedness.

On March 23, 1982, the debtors filed a voluntary Chapter 7 petition. The debtors scheduled the Bank as a secured creditor holding a claim of $42,493.44. On April 9, 1982, after receiving notice of the pending bankruptcy, the Bank paid the recordation tax and a double tax penalty on the additional $27,000 indebtedness.

The real estate was sold at auction in August of 1982 for $27,000. The Bank received the principal and interest owing on the original $15,000 loan. The surplus $5,735.15 has been held by the trustee in an interest-bearing escrow account. The trustee filed this complaint for a declaratory judgment on October 12, 1982.2

I. POSTPETITION PAYMENT OF RECORDATION TAXES

The Bank’s failure to pay recordation tax on the future advances renders the Bank unperfected on the date of the petition in any amount above the original $15,-000 indebtedness. T.C.A. § 67-4-409(b) requires that a recordation tax be paid before a deed of trust may be recorded to perfect a security interest in real property:

(b) MORTGAGES, DEEDS OF TRUST AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS. Prior to the public recordation of any instrument evidencing an indebtedness, including but not limited to mortgages, deeds of trust, conditional sales contracts, financing statements contemplated by the Uniform Commercial Code and liens on personalty, other than on motor vehicles, there shall be paid a tax, for state purposes only, of ten cents (10c) on each one hundred dollars ($100) or major fraction thereof of the indebtedness so evidenced.

On similar facts, the Tennessee courts have recognized that payment of the recording [360]*360tax is a prerequisite to perfection of a security interest. The Tennessee Court of Appeals after exhaustive analysis of legislative history, Tennessee case law, case law from other jurisdictions and underlying policy considerations in American City Bank v. Western Auto Supply Co., 631 S.W.2d 410, 422-423 (Tenn.Ct.App.1981) concluded that:

We believe that in Tennessee no one may claim to be perfected by the filing of a security interest for any amount in excess of the privilege tax paid upon that filing. The payment of the privilege tax on filing financing statements is a condition precedent to filing. ... The effect of the failure to pay the tax is clear on the face of T.C.A. § 67-4102, which expressly declares that a filing is prohibited unless the tax first be paid. As a result, we believe that the effectiveness of any financing statement as an instrument of priority is limited in that respect to the amount upon which the privilege tax is paid. Beyond that it is a nullity, (emphasis added).

See also HGS Technical Associates, Inc., 14 U.C.C.REP. 237 (E.D.Tenn.1972) aff'd, 14 U.C.C.REP. 247 (E.D.Tenn.1973) (security interest limited to amount of indebtedness reflected on financing statement); Jackson County Bank v. Ford Motor Credit Co., 488 F.Supp. 1001, 1009 (M.D.Tenn.1980) (failure to pay recordation tax caused contract to be illegal and unenforceable).3 A bankruptcy trustee’s lien creditor status on the date of the petition defeats the interests of the holder of an unperfect-ed security interest. 11 U.S.C.A. § 544(a) (West 1979).

The Bank cannot claim the benefit of any “good faith” exception to the recording tax requirement. The Bank asserts that Commerce Union Bank v. Possum Holler, Inc., 620 S.W.2d 487 (Tenn.1981) created a “good faith” exception to excuse noncompliance with the recordation statute. The Bank argues that it acted in “good faith” by paying the tax in April of 1982 and should receive priority over the trustee. In Possum Holler, a bank made a series of loans and paid the required recordation tax on each transaction. The bank actually overpaid the required tax because of the consolidated nature of the loan arrangements. Several of the loans, however, were made after á state tax lien had been imposed on the collateral. The Commissioner of Revenue argued that the bank’s security interest was limited to the amount on which the recording tax had been paid before the state’s lien attached. The Tennessee Supreme Court rejected the state’s argument and held that the payment of recordation tax contemporaneously with [361]*361the giving of future advances, despite the intervention of a state tax lien, created a security interest superior to the intervening tax lien. Without specifying whether the perfection “related back” to the original loan, the court held that the payment of taxes simultaneously with the giving of future advances, allowed the bank to be continuously perfected from the date of the first loan. In the instant case, the Bank did not make a contemporaneous effort to comply with the recordation statute. The Bank did not pay even a portion of the tax at the time of making additional loans but waited 22 months on one advance and 14 months on the other before paying the required tax. Even then, the tax was not paid until after receiving notice of the bankruptcy.4 On these facts it cannot be said that the Tennessee courts would afford the Bank the special considerations found in Possum Holler.

The “escape hatch” provisions of T.C.A. § 67-4-217 are no help to the Bank’s position. The Bank argues that T.C.A.

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39 B.R. 358, 1984 Bankr. LEXIS 5952, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/stewart-v-farmers-bank-in-re-johnson-tnmb-1984.